‘长林'油茶良种花粉形态和花粉萌发特性研究

Research on pollen morphology and germination characteristics of Camellia oleifera ‘Changlin'

关键词:  油茶, 花粉形态, 离体萌发, 培养基, 花粉营养液

Key words:  Camellia oleifera, pollen morphology, in vitro germination, medium, pollen nutrient solution

摘要:

为观测‘长林'油茶的花粉形态特征和探究不同营养元素对‘长林'油茶花粉离体培养萌发的影响,该文以黔东地区主栽的3个国审‘长林'系列油茶良种为材料,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对花粉形态进行观察,并采用琼脂培养基萌发法进行单因素试验和正交试验,研究不同浓度的KH₂PO₄、H₃BO₃、MgCl₂和CO(NH₂)₂对油茶花粉离体萌发的影响,筛选出促进油茶花粉萌发的最佳营养物质配比。结果表明:(1)‘长林'油茶花粉形态为长球形或近球形,花粉极面观为三裂近圆形,赤道面观是长球形或近圆形,具有3条萌发沟,外壁纹饰为脑纹状。(2)单因素试验表明,0.10～0.15 g·L^-1 KH₂PO₄处理的油茶花粉萌发效果最佳; 其余3种元素最佳浓度为0.05～0.10 g·L^-1 H₃BO₃、0.05～0.08 g·L^-1 MgCl₂、0.15 g·L^-1 CO(NH₂)₂。(3)正交试验结果表明,0.10 g·L^-1 KH₂PO₄+0.15 g·L^-1 H₃BO₃+0.08 g·L^-1 MgCl₂+0.15 g·L^-1 CO(NH₂)₂为促进油茶花粉萌发的最佳配比。该研究结果可为油茶无人机辅助授粉、促进油茶花粉萌发和营养液的配制,以及油茶种质鉴别提供参考依据。

Abstract:

To observe the pollen morphological characteristics and explore the influence of nutritional elements on the germination of C. oleifera ‘Changlin' pollen through in vitro culture. In this experiment, three nationally approved Camellia oleifera ‘Changlin' series of Camellia, planted in East Guizhou Province, were used as materials. A single-factor and orthogonal tests were conducted using the agar medium germination method. This study was to research the effects of different concentrations of KH₂PO₄, H₃BO₃, MgCl₂, and CO(NH₂)₂ on in vitro germination of C. oleifera pollen, screen the optimum nutrient ratio for promoting pollen germination and observe the pollen morphology by scanning electron microscope(SEM). The results were as follows:(1)The pollen morphology of C. oleifera ‘Changlin' was subprolate or spheroidal, the polar view was trilobate-circular, the equatorial view was subprolate or nearly circular, the pollen had three germination furrows, and the outer wall pattern was cerebroid.(2)The single-factor test showed that 0.10-0.15 g·L^-1 KH₂PO₄ had the best effect on pollen germination. The optimal concentrations of the other three elements were 0.05-0.10 g·L^-1 for H₃BO₃, 0.05-0.08 g·L^-1 for MgCl₂, and 0.15 g·L^-1 for CO(NH₂)₂.(3)The orthogonal test results showed that the treatment effect of 0.10 g·L^-1 KH₂PO₄+0.15 g·L^-1 H₃BO₃+0.08 g·L^-1 MgCl₂+0.15 g·L^-1 CO(NH₂)₂ was the best, which was the best ratio for promoting pollen germination of C. oleifera. The results can provide a reference for assisted pollination of C. oleifera by drone, promoting pollen germination and nutrient solution formulation, and germplasm identification of C. oleifera.