福建万木林大叶梅属地衣内生真菌群落多样性及功能预测

Diversity of endolichenic fungal communities and functional prediction of Parmotrema in Fujian Wanmulin

关键词:  大叶梅属, 地衣内生真菌, 分离培养, 高通量测序, 多样性

Key words:  Parmotrema, endolichenic fungi, isolation culture, high-throughput sequencing, diversity

摘要:

为了研究福建万木林大叶梅属地衣内生真菌(endolichenic fungi, ELF)的群落多样性并进行功能预测,该文对粉芽网纹大叶梅和大叶梅的真菌群落采用分离培养和高通量测序技术相结合的方法进行了比较分析。结果表明:(1)高通量测序和分离培养两种方法得出的ELF群落的分类比例有显著差异。(2)纯培养从16份地衣标本中分离得到70株菌,通过形态学观察以及ITS测序确定了20个种级分类单元,隶属于1门2纲6目8科12属20种。其中,粪壳菌纲(Sordariomycetes)是最占优势的真菌纲,优势菌属为炭层菌属(Nemania)和炭角菌属(Xylaria)。(3)α多样性分析表明,大叶梅属地衣内生真菌群落多样性非常丰富,结果鉴定出9门7纲,除了粪壳菌纲外,座囊菌纲(Dothideomycetes)和酵母菌纲(Saccharomycetes)同样占比很大。(4)粉芽网纹大叶梅和大叶梅两个物种之间的真菌群落结构趋于一致,群落多样性较高且分布均匀。(5)利用FUNGuild数据库对真菌群落进行功能预测,结果显示大叶梅属内的真菌功能类群主要包括病理营养型、共生营养型和腐生营养型。该研究认为两种方法的结果互相补充,可为后续地衣内生真菌的功能研究与利用提供理论参考。

Abstract:

In order to study the community diversity and predict their functions of endolichenic fungi(ELF)of Parmotrema in Fujian Wanmulin, the fungal communities of P. reticulatum and P. tinctorum were compared and analyzed by a combination of isolation culture and high-throughput sequencing technology. The results were as follows:(1)There were significant differences in the classification ratios of ELF communities obtained by high-throughput sequencing and isolation culture.(2)A total of 70 strains were isolated from 16 samples, and 20 species-level taxa were identified by morphological observation and ITS sequencing. They belonged to 1 phylum, 2 classes, 6 orders, 8 families, 12 genera, and 20 species. Sordariomycetes was the most dominant fungal class, among which the dominant genera were Nemania and Xylaria.(3)The α diversity analysis showed that the endolichenic fungi community diversity in Parmotrema was very rich, and 9 phyla and 7 classes were identified, and in addition to Sordariomycetes, Dothideomycetes and Saccharomycetes also accounted for a large proportion.(4)The fungal community structure between the two species(P. reticulatum and P. tinctorum)tended to be consistent, and the community diversity was high and evenly distributed.(5)The results of functional prediction analysis of fungal communities using the FUNGuild database showed that the fungal functional groups in the genus Parmotrema mainly included pathotrophs, symbiotrophs and saprotrophs. This study suggests that the results of the two methods complement each other and can provide a theoretical reference for the subsequent functional research and utilization of endolichenic fungi.