| 摘要: |
| 植物口服疫苗是通过转基因植物生产,通过口服的方式预防疾病的生物制品。作为一种新型疫苗,其研究开始于三十几年前。由于植物口服疫苗可以最大程度地降低传统疫苗的潜在风险,在疫苗生产中具有优势,因此拥有良好的商业生产前景。植物疫苗价格低廉,生产过程安全,可产生与注射疫苗相似效价效果,无论是在控制养殖业抗生素滥用的情况下作为替代方法,还是在某些经济发展水平不高、卫生条件较差的发展中国家用于预防和控制某些传染病,都是十分理想的。该文对植物口服疫苗生产方法、候选生物反应器、疫苗有效性、适用范围和发展前景进行了概述。此外,还着重对目前开展的植物口服疫苗在病毒、细菌、寄生虫引起的人畜共患病中的应用研究,以及其在人类肿瘤预防中所开展的应用研究进行了较为详细的综述。虽然植物疫苗的研究及应用在植物外源基因表达量、免疫剂量、免疫接种途径等方面还存在很多挑战,但依然为传统疫苗学的研发提供了一条充满希望的新途径。 |
| 关键词: 人畜共患病, 植物疫苗, 口服疫苗, 免疫 |
| DOI：10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202003053 |
| 分类号:Q943.2 |
| 文章编号:1000-3142(2021)02-0318-09 |
| Fund project:内蒙古自治区自然科学基金(2018MS03080); 呼和浩特市科技计划项目(2018-高-4)[Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2018MS03080); Hohhot Science and Technology Planning Program(2018-High-4)]。 |
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| Advances in research on oral plant vaccines |
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ZHANG Junxia1, WANG Li2*
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1. College of Medicine and Health, Hohhot Vocational College, 010051 Hohhot, China;2. College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, 010110 Hohhot, China
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| Abstract: |
| Plant oral vaccines are biological products produced by genetically modified plants, and are taken orally to prevent disease. As a new kind of vaccine, its research originated about 30 years ago. Plant oral vaccines can avoid the potential risks of traditional vaccines to the greatest extent, and have advantages in vaccine production with good commercial production prospects. The price of plant vaccine is low, and the production is safety and effective. It is very ideal vaccine to prevent and control the certain infectious diseases, so as alternative to the breeding of antibiotics abuse cases, and suit for the low economic development areas, where have poor sanitation. In this review, the production methods, candidate bioreactors, vaccine effectiveness, application scope and development prospect of plant oral vaccine are summarized. In addition, the application of oral plant-based vaccines in zoonoses caused by viruses, bacteria or parasites, and the application in human tumor prevention are also reviewed in detail. Although there are challenges with plant vaccines in the amount of exogenous gene expression, immune dose, and immunization pathway and so on, plant vaccines still open up a promising new field for traditional vaccinology. |
| Key words: zoonosis, plant vaccines, oral vaccine, immune |
