同域分布垂穗披碱草和达乌力披碱草遗传多样性和遗传结构分析

路兴旺<sup>1; 2</sup>; 刘 博<sup>1; 2</sup>; 陶小燕<sup>1; 2</sup>; 窦全文<sup>1; 3* </sup>

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同域分布垂穗披碱草和达乌力披碱草遗传多样性和遗传结构分析
路兴旺^1,2, 刘博^1,2, 陶小燕^1,2, 窦全文^1,3*
1. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所, 中国科学院高原生物适应与进化重点实验室, 西宁 810008;2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;3. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所, 青海省作物分子育种重点实验室, 西宁 810008

摘要:

披碱草属(Elymus L.)是禾本科(Poaceae)小麦族(Triticeae)中的一个多年生属,该属在青藏高原地区有广泛分布,多数物种是草原和草甸的组成成分,许多种类为品质优良的牧草。垂穗披碱草(E. nutans)和达乌力披碱草(E. dahuricus)同为禾本科小麦族披碱草属异源六倍体物种,染色体组组成皆为StYH。为探究垂穗披碱草遗传多样性形成的内在机制,该研究利用微卫星(SSR)分子标记,对采自青藏高原地区同域分布的垂穗披碱草和达乌力披碱草两个居群共58个个体进行遗传多样性和遗传结构分析。结果表明:8对引物在垂穗披碱草和达乌力披碱草扩增条带分别为163条和124条,多态性位点百分率(PPB)分别为89.71%和76.07%,多态性信息含量(PIC)分别介于0.583～0.929和0.524～0.830之间。垂穗披碱草遗传多样性(H_e=0.69,I=1.34,P_p=100%)高于达乌力披碱草(H_e=0.53,I=0.80,P_p=93.75%); 同域分布的垂穗披碱草和达乌力披碱草居群,垂穗披碱草呈现出更高的遗传多样性。AMOVA分子变异显示,两个物种居群内遗传变异分别80.92%和63.62%,但居群间遗传分化水平较低。遗传结构分析揭示两个物种间有基因流存在。综合分析结果认为,该地区种间杂交基因渗透引起的种内遗传分化,在这两个物种多样性形成中可能起着重要作用。

关键词: 垂穗披碱草, 达乌力披碱草, 遗传多样性, 遗传结构, SSR标记

DOI：10.11931/guihaia.gxzw201909011

分类号:Q948

文章编号:1000-3142(2021)03-0418-11

Fund project:青海省重大科技项目(2018-NK-A2)[Supported by the Major Science and Technology Program of Qinghai Province(2018-NK-A2)]。

Genetic diversity and genetic structure in populations of sympatric Elymus nutans and E. dahuricus

LU Xingwang^1,2, LIU Bo^1,2, TAO Xiaoyan^1,2, DOU Quanwen^1,3*

1. Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding of Qinghai Province, Northeast Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China

Abstract:

Elymus L. is a perennial genus in the Triaceceae family of Poaceae, which is widely distributed in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Most species are components of grasslands and meadows, and many species are good quality pastures. Both E. nutans and E. dahuricus belong to Triteceae family(Elymus L.), which are heterologous hexaploidy, with StYH chromosome composition. In order to further explore the intrinsic mechanism of genetic diversity of E. nutans, we used SSR molecular markers to analyze genetic diversities and genetic structures of 58 individuals collected from two codomain populations of E. nutans and E. dahuricus in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The results were as follows: There were 163 and 124 amplified bands in 8 pairs of primers in E. nutans and E. dahuricus, respectively. Percentages of polymorphic loci(PPB)were 89.71% and 76.07%, respectively, and the polymorphism information contents(PIC)were between 0.583-0.929 and 0.524-0.830, respectively. The genetic diversities of E. nutans(H_e=0.69, I=1.34, P_p=100%)were higher than those of E. dahuricus(H_e=0.53, I=0.80, P_p=93.75%), and E. nutans showed higher genetic diversity. The AMOVA molecular variation showed that the genetic variations within the population of the two species were 80.92% and 63.62%, respectively, while the levels of genetic differentiation among populations were low. Genetic structure analysis revealed the presence of gene flow existed between the two species. It is concluded that intraspecific genetic differentiation caused by interspecific hybridization, and may play an important role in the diversity formation of these two species.

Key words: Elymus nutans, Elymus dahuricus, genetic diversity, genetic structure, SSR marker