江西九岭山脉种子植物区系研究

Spermatophyte flora of Jiuling Range, Jiangxi

关键词:  罗霄山脉, 九岭山, 官山, 大围山, 濒危植物

Key words:  Luoxiao Range, Jiulingshan, Guanshan, Daweishan, endangered plants

摘要:

九岭山脉植物区系发生历史悠久,对研究我国早期种子植物演化、动植物迁徙、物种分布格局均具有重要作用。为探讨九岭山脉种子植物区系成因和濒危保护植物的保护利用,该文通过野外调查、标本采集和鉴定,结合经典植物地理学方法,对该山脉种子植物区系进行了研究。结果表明:(1)九岭山脉共有野生种子植物211科956属2 928种,占江西种子植物1 064属4 028种的比例分别为89.8%和72.69%。(2)该植物区系的热带成分科占该地区种子植物总科数(不含世界分布科)的81.35%,但缺乏典型热带成分科,区系中的热带性属和温带性属数量接近,显示该植物区系由热带性质向温带性质过渡,这与九岭山脉地处重要的气候和生态交错地带有一定关联。(3)该地区共分布中国特有植物6科33属41种,特有属主要为古特有属,体现了该植物区系起源的古老性,推断该山脉在第四纪冰期环境较为稳定,为众多植物提供了“避难所”。(4)该地区的种子植物中有30科63属109种为国家重点保护植物,其中,国家I级保护植物15种,极危植物3种、濒危植物11种、易危植物20种。该山脉中的九岭山、官山和大围山已有相应的自然保护区发挥生态保护作用,而其余的山地则未建立有效保护,应对相关濒危植物所在区域加以监管,可采取就地保护或迁地保护等措施,建立相关的种质资源库,确保濒危保护植物的可持续利用。

Abstract:

The ancient flora of Jiuling Range plays an important role in researches of the early origin of spermatophyte, the migration of plants and animals and the distribution patterns of plant species in China. In order to study the origin of the spermatophyte flora of Jiuling Range, the protection and utilization of endangered plants, the spermatophyte flora of Jiuling Range was investigated and analyzed systematically based on the field survey, specimen collection and identification, and methods of traditional phytogeography. The results were as follows:(1)There are 2 928 species and 956 genera of spermatophyte in Jiuling Range, and these taxa account for 72.69% and 89.8% of 4 028 species and 1 064 genera of Jiangxi spermatophyte, respectively.(2)Tropical families account for 81.35% of the total family number of spermatophyte(excluding cosmopolitan families)in this flora, but without typical tropical families. The flora contains similar amounts of tropical genera and temperate genera. The data reflect the transition of the flora from tropical elements to temperate elements which relates to the fact that the Jiuling Range are located in the intersection zone of different climates and ecological environments.(3)There are 41 species, 33 genera and 6 families of Chinese endemic plants in the flora. Among these genera, the ancient endemic genera are dominant which reflects the origin antiquity of flora in Jiuling Range. It is inferred that the habitats of Jiuling Range had been stable and provided a refuge for many plants during the Quaternary Ice Age.(4)There are 109 species, 63 genera and 30 families recorded in State Key List of Protected Wild Plants, including 15 species belonging to the first-class protected plants in China, 3 species belonging to critically endangered plants, 11 species belonging to endangered plants and 20 species belonging to vulnerable plants. Three areas of Jiuling Range, Jiulingshan National Natural Reserves, Guanshan National Natural Reserves and Daweishan National Natural Reserves have been protected while other areas still lack efficient protection. The endangered plants in the lack of protection areas need to be protected by in-situ and ex-situ conservation to establish germplasm resources center and ensure their sustainable utilization.