有机肥对粉垄蔗地土壤养分及甘蔗产量品质的影响

Effects of organic fertilizer on soil and the yield and quality of sugarcane under the condition of smashing ridge tillage

关键词:  有机肥, 粉垄, 土壤理化, 甘蔗养分, 产量品质

Key words:  organic fertilizer, smashing ridge tillage, soil physical and chemical, sugarcane nutrient, yield and quality

摘要:

为了研究施用有机肥对粉垄条件下甘蔗产量和品质的影响,该研究以蚯蚓粪、猪粪分别与复合肥配施于粉垄蔗地中,并以单施复合肥作为对照,研究有机肥与复合肥配施对粉垄土壤理化性状及甘蔗养分、产量、蔗茎品质的影响。结果表明:(1)与对照相比,有机肥与复合肥混施可在不同时期分别提高粉垄土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量,且对于土壤中速效养分含量的提升主要集中于甘蔗生长前期(6—8月),但在土壤pH值和容重方面影响不显著。(2)蚯蚓粪、猪粪与复合肥混施均能不同程度提高甘蔗生长前期的+1叶和根系中的全氮、全磷、全钾含量,使产量分别比对照提高了28.09%、32.81%。砍收时甘蔗的茎长、茎径、单茎重、有效茎数、蔗汁糖分、甘蔗糖分高于对照但不显著,出苗率、分蘖率、锤度影响不显著。粉垄耕作条件下,选择合适的有机肥与复合肥配施可增加土壤速效养分和有机质、全氮、全磷含量,也能提高甘蔗根叶全氮、全磷、全钾含量,提高甘蔗产量。

Abstract:

In order to study the effects of applying organic fertilizer on the yield and quality of sugarcane under the condition of smashing ridge tillage, earthworm manure and pig manure were blended with compound fertilizer respectively, then applied to the soil, with the single application of compound fertilizer as control, to study the effects of organic fertilizer coupled with compound fertilizer on the physical and chemical properties of the smashing ridge tillage soil and the nutrient, yield and quality of sugarcane. The results were as follows:(1)The contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil could be increased in different periods by the application of organic fertilizer coupled with compound fertilizer. In addition, the increase of soil available nutrients was mainly concentrated in the early stage of sugarcane growth(June to August), but the effects on soil pH and bulk density were not significant.(2)The application of earthworm manure, pig manure that coupled with compound fertilizer could improve the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium in leaves and roots of sugarcane in different degrees, and increased the cane yield by 28.09% and 32.81% compared with the control. The parameters of cane weight, cane length, stalk diameter, millable stalks, sucros of juice and sucros of cane were higher than those of the control, but did not achieve significant differences, and the effects of emergence rate, tillering rate and brix were not significant. In clusion, under the condition of smashing ridge tillage, the proper combination of organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer can increase the contents of soil available nutrients, organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus, and the total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium contents of roots and leaves as well as the sugarcane yield.