极小种群野生植物保护研究进展与未来工作的思考

Conservation research of plant species with extremely small populations(PSESP): Progress and future direction

关键词:  极小种群野生植物, 调查评估, 生态生物学特性, 繁殖技术, 遗传多样性

Key words:  plant species with extremely small populations(PSESP), surveys and assessment, eco-biological characteristics, propagation techniques, genetic diversity

摘要:

生物多样性保护是全球的热点问题之一。极小种群野生植物(plant species with extremely small populations,PSESP)是为了“抢救性保护”我国濒临高度灭绝风险的野生植物、指导我国生物多样性保护、服务于国家生态文明建设而提出来的保护生物学领域的新概念,该概念的提出引起了国际保护生物学领域的广泛关注。国家在“十三五”期间启动实施了极小种群野生植物拯救保护工程,并在《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和2035年远景目标纲要》中,明确把极小种群野生植物专项拯救纳入重要生态系统保护和修复工程。极小种群野生植物的拯救保护是一项科学性强、技术性和专业性要求高、周期长的系统工程,“抢救性保护”与“系统研究”并重是科学拯救保护极小种群野生植物的途径。开展极小种群野生植物保护的系统研究,是指导或支撑其有效保护的重要工作。该文重点从极小种群野生植物的调查与评估、生态生物学特性、繁殖技术、遗传多样性方面对近年来极小种群野生植物保护的研究工作进行系统综述,以期为极小种群野生植物的拯救保护奠定新的理论基础。该文还基于极小种群野生植物保护研究现状及其未来拯救保护工作需求,对我国极小种群野生植物未来的保护研究重点提出了三个方面的思考。该文可为极小种群野生植物保护的系统研究提供参考。

Abstract:

Biodiversity conservation is one of the hottest topics all over the world. In order to rescue the most threatened plant species in the wild, to guide the China's biodiversity conservation and to serve the construction of national ecological civilization, a new concept of plant species with extremely small populations(PSESP)was proposed in China, which is attracting the widespread attention internationally in plant species conservation. In the past “13th Five-Year Plan” period, China launched the comprehensive program for rescuing and conserving PSESP. And in the coming 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-term Targets for 2035 of the People's Republic of China, the rescue of PSESP is explicitly incorporated into the special aims at the conservation of important ecosystem and ecological restoration. The PSESP rescue and protection is a long-term systematic work with strong science, high technical and professional requirements. For scientifically conserving PSESP, rescue protection and system study should be given an equal weight. Undoubtedly, systematic research on the PSESP conservation is an important task to support their effective conservations. This paper is trying to systematically review the recent research works on the PSESP conservation, focusing on the surveys and assessment of the current populations or individual status(including confirmation of species taxonomic status), eco-biological characteristics, propagation techniques and genetic diversity, with the aim to find new theories and to form new ideas for the PSESP conservation. Finally, three insights into priorities for future conservation research of PSESP in China are proposed, which could be a reference for further PSESP conservation research.