| 摘要: |
| 基因编辑(gene editing),又称基因组编辑或基因组工程,是一种以插入、删除或碱基替换的形式引起DNA序列突变的技术。基因编辑技术有多种类型,如锌指核酸酶技术(zinc-finger nucleases, ZFNs)、转录激活因子样效应物核酸酶技术(transcription activator-like effector nucleases, TALENs),以及近几年迅速发展起来的规律成簇短回文重复序列及其核酸酶9技术(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9, CRISPR/Cas9)。基因编辑技术的出现加速了植物功能基因组学的发展,并将在作物精准育种方面具有巨大的开发潜力。植物细胞器基因编辑主要是指对植物线粒体和叶绿体基因组的编辑。植物线粒体和叶绿体分别被称为细胞的“动力工厂”和“生产车间”,对于细胞及整个植株的生长发育及各种生命活动具有非常重要的作用。对线粒体和叶绿体基因组进行编辑将有利于了解其遗传规律从而开发它们在作物改良和工业生产上的应用。目前,细胞器基因编辑技术已经开始崭露头角,具有非常广阔的应用前景。该文将从基因编辑技术的发展、植物细胞器基因组的结构和特点、线粒体基因编辑和叶绿体遗传转化等方面进行总结,并对植物细胞器基因编辑的研究前景进行展望。 |
| 关键词: 基因编辑, TALENs, 细胞器基因组, 线粒体基因编辑, 叶绿体遗传转化 |
| DOI：10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202106033 |
| 分类号:Q943 |
| 文章编号:1000-3142(2021)10-1654-11 |
| Fund project:国家自然科学基金(31970244); 深圳市优秀科技创新人才培养-优秀青年基础研究(STIC: RCYX20200714114538196); 中国农业科学院深圳农业基因组研究所启动资金(SJXW19073)[Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970244); the Training of Excellent Scientific and Technological Innovation Talent in Shenzhen-Basic Research on Outstanding Youth(STIC: RCYX20200714114538196); Start-up Fund of Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(SJXW19073)]。 |
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| Advances in plant organelle gene editing |
|
WU Zhiqiang1*, ZHOU Jiawei1,2*
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1. Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and
Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, Guangdong,
China;2. College of Plant Science &3.Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
|
| Abstract: |
| Gene editing, also known as genome editing or genome engineering, is a technique that introduces mutations in DNA sequences in the form of insertion, deletion, or base substitution. There are many types of gene editing techniques, such as zinc-finger nucleases(ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases(TALENs)and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9(CRISPR/Cas9). CRISPR/Cas9 has developed rapidly in recent years. The emergence of gene editing techniques has accelerated the development of plant functional genomics and has great potential in precision crop breeding. Plant organelle gene editing mainly refers to editing plant mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes. Plant mitochondrion and chloroplast are often referred to as the “power house” and “production workshop”, respectively, due to their importance in central metabolic functions. Editing mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes will improve the understanding of the genetic function of these genomes and develop their applications in crop improvement and industrial production. At present, organelle gene editing techniques have emerged and have a very broad application prospect. In this review, we summarized the development of gene editing techniques, structures and characteristics of plant organelle genomes, mitochondrial gene editing, and chloroplast genetic transformation, and finally we proposed the future research directions and prospects of organelle gene editing. |
| Key words: gene editing, TALENs, organelle genome, mitochondrial gene editing, chloroplast genetic transformation |
