茄子野生近缘种托鲁巴姆试管微扦插繁殖技术研究

Rapid propagation technology for eggplant rootstock (Solanums torvum)by micro-cuttage

关键词:  砧木, 托鲁巴姆, 无菌播种, 微扦插

Key words:  rootstock, Solanums torvum, aseptic sowing, micro-cuttage

摘要:

嫁接栽培是茄果类蔬菜防治土传病害和提高产量的重要措施之一。茄子野生近缘种托鲁巴姆(Solanums torvum)因综合抗性强,成为茄子和番茄嫁接的常用优良砧木。但是,由于托鲁巴姆种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数较低,苗龄较长,限制了其在工厂化育苗中的大规模应用,因此迫切需要开发其他方法及相应技术体系提高托鲁巴姆的育苗效率,降低育苗成本。为优化托鲁巴姆微扦插技术,该研究探索并优化了试管内微扦插繁殖托鲁巴姆技术,以无菌播种获得初代无菌苗的茎段为外植体,通过在培养基中添加植物生长调节剂,对比不同浓度植物生长调节剂对托鲁巴姆微扦插繁殖过程中的影响。结果表明:(1)托鲁巴姆在不同培养基中,腋芽诱导、继代增殖和生根培养的效果存在显著差异,初代芽诱导的最佳培养基为MS+KT 0.5 mg·L^-1+IBA 0.1 mg·L^-1,出芽率达90%。(2)继代扦插最佳培养基为MS+IBA 0.4 mg·L^-1,培养30 d的增殖系数达6.11,植株长势健壮。(3)最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA 0.2 mg·L^-1,生根培养30 d,单株一级根数4.56条,最长根长125.80 mm、根粗0.50 mm,根系发达。采用试管内微扦插技术繁殖托鲁巴姆种苗,操作简单,增殖系数较高,可满足快速繁育种苗的要求。该研究结果为托鲁巴姆的工厂化规模育苗提供了新途径。

Abstract:

Grafting culture is an important measure to prevent soil-borne diseases and increase yield of solanaceous fruit vegetable. Solanum torvum, a wild species of eggplant, has become a common good rootstock of eggplant and tomato because of its strong comprehensive resistance. However, the large-scale application of the seeds in industrial seedling is limited due to the lower germination rate, germination potential and germination index, and the longer seedling age.Therefore, it is urgent to develop other methods and corresponding technical system to improve the seedling efficiency of S. torvum and reduce the seedling cost. In order to optimize the micro-cuttage technique for S. torvum, the stem segment of the first sterile seedling was used as the explants, and different concentrations of plant growth regulators were added to the culture media to compare the effects of different concentrations of plant growth regulators on the micro-cuttage propagation of S. torvum. The results were as follows:(1)There were significant differences in the effect of axillary bud induction, subculture and rooting culture in different media. The optimum medium for primary bud induction was MS+ KT 0.5 mg·L^-1+ IBA 0.1 mg·L^-1, and the budding rate reached 90%.(2)The optimal concentration of plant growth regulators proliferation culture were determined with MS+IBA 0.4 mg·L^-1, in which the average shoot number reached 6.11 per original explant, and the plants grew strong.(3)The root culture of 1/2MS+IBA 0.2 mg·L^-1 was the best, with the number of primary root 4.56, root length 125.80 mm, root diameter 0.50 mm, and numerous fibrous roots. The adoption of micro-cuttings in vitro can realize rapid and mass propagation of S. torvum seedlings. The use of micro-cuttings in the test tube can increase the proliferation coefficient and achieve rapid and large-scale reproduction of S. torvum seedlings.