植物模式标本数据整合新的机遇与挑战

New opportunities and challenges for data integration of plant type specimens

关键词:  模式标本, 标本馆, 采集人, 地名变更, 维管植物

Key words:  type specimen, herbarium, collector, place name change, vascular plant

摘要:

命名模式是分类群名称永久依附的成分,在分类学研究中有不可替代的价值。中国复杂的植物采集历史以及对中国植物标本开展研究的单位各异,导致我国植物模式标本零散分布于全球各大标本馆,给分类工作的开展带来了极大的困难。标本数字化的开展为模式标本数据整合提供了新的机遇,同时也给我们带来了人名和地名标准化以及模式类型确认等方面的挑战。我国于2006年开始对模式标本数据进行收集和整理,迄今已完成国内外20余家标本馆9万余条标本数据的收集。模式考证和模式类型清理是我们下一步亟须开展的工作,同时我们应将地名变更资料、人名考证资料进行整合并建立相应的数据库以推动模式标本数据的标准化。这将在很大程度上有助于我们摸清中国模式标本的家底。

Abstract:

A nomenclatural type is the element to which the name of a taxon is permanently attached and has irreplaceable value in taxonomic research. Types are scattered herbaria across worldwide, which has brought great difficulties on the development of taxonomy, mainly due to the complex plant collection history and the involvement of different institutions on the research of Chinese plant specimens. The development of specimen digitization provides new opportunities for the data integration of plant type specimens and also brings some challenges including the standardization of collector and collection place, and the typification of a specimen. We have begun collecting and sorting the type specimen data since 2006 and about 90 thousand type specimen data in over 20 herbaria worldwide have been collected simultaneously. Type verification and the cleaning up of type status are urgent works that should be carried out next. Meanwhile, we should integrate the information of administrative region change and collector name that have been verified for promoting the standardization of type specimens. It will help us to update the information on the type specimens of China.