基于馆藏标本的元宝槭资源分布研究

Resource distribution of Acer truncatum based on specimens

关键词:  元宝槭, 馆藏标本, 资源分布, 保护, 利用

Key words:   Acer truncatum, collection of specimens, resource distribution, protection, utilization

摘要:

元宝槭(Acer truncatum)是无患子科槭属的落叶乔木,又名华北五角枫、元宝槭。因其翅果的形状像中国古代的金元宝故而得此名,是我国特有的油料树种。为了系统研究元宝槭在我国的地理分布和资源特点,该文通过调研国内外主要数字化标本馆的馆藏标本和已有文献,分析了元宝槭的地理分布格局与主要分布区的资源特点。结果表明:基于对收集的1 913份元宝槭标本的分析,元宝槭主要分布于我国东北和华北等地区的27个省/区/市,分布区域广、海拔差异大; 不同地区元宝槭叶片、果实形态大小存在差异,陕西省采集标本的平均果实直径明显大于其他地区; 部分元宝槭标本的采集地、采集时间等信息不全,少量标本由于采集或管理不当导致标本不完整。该文为利用数字化标本资源研究特色油料植物的资源分布情况提供了新的思路和方法。

Abstract:

Acer truncatum is a deciduous tree of Sapindaceae and Acer. The samara, whose shape resembles the gold ingot of ancient China, is a unique oil tree species in China. In order to systematically study the geographical distribution and resource characteristics of A. truncatum in China, the geographical distribution pattern and resource characteristics of the main distribution areas of A. truncatum were analyzed by investigating the collections and existing literature of major digital herbarium at China and abroad. The results were as follows: A. truncatum was mainly distributed in 27 provinces regions/cities in Northeast and North China based on the 1 193 collected specimens. There were differences in leaf and fruit morphology in different regions, and the average fruit diameter of samples collected in Shaanxi Province was significantly larger than that in other regions. The collection place, collection time and other information of some of the samples were incomplete, and a few samples were incomplete due to improper collection or management. This paper provides a new idea and approach for studying the resource distribution of distinctive oil plants by using digital specimen resources.