四种乡土珍贵阔叶树种叶功能性状的种内和种间变异

Interspecific and intraspecific variation in leaf functional traits of four local precious hardwood species

关键词:  种内变异, 种间变异, 变异系数, 高度, 树龄, 相关性, 叶功能性状

Key words:  intraspecific variation, interspecific variation, variation coefficient, height, tree age, correlation, leaf function traits

摘要:

植物功能性状种间性状变异反映不同物种的生活史对策,种内性状变异反映了同一物种不同个体应对不同环境的性状应答。人工林均一的环境有利于深入分析不同树种种内和种间变异。该研究以南宁良凤江林场的四种乡土珍贵阔叶树种[观光木(Tsoongiodendron odorum)、红锥(Castanopsis hystrix)、灰木莲(Magnolia blumei)和望天树(Parashorea chinensis)]为研究对象,对其叶功能性状的种内和种间变异进行研究。结果表明:(1)同一高度的不同种植物大部分叶功能形状差异显著,只有极少数叶功能性状差异不显著。相较于其他三种植物,红锥的叶鲜重、叶厚度、叶面积、叶干重、比叶面积和叶含水率较小,但红锥的比叶重、叶干物质量和叶组织密度较大。(2)不同高度的同一树种叶功能性状存在差异,不同的树种差异表现不同。高度对叶功能性状的影响为灰木莲>望天树>观光木>红锥。随着高度的变化,9种叶功能性状中,叶厚度和叶组织密度表现最稳定,叶面积和叶干重变化较大; 比叶面积呈下降趋势,比叶重呈上升趋势。(3)随着树龄的增大,灰木莲的叶功能性状变化最大,红锥的叶功能性状表现最稳定,树龄对叶功能性状的影响为灰木莲>观光木/望天树>红锥。9种叶功能性状中,受到树龄影响最大的是叶厚度和叶组织密度,影响最小的是叶鲜重、叶干重和叶面积; 四种树种的叶功能性状随树龄的变化差异显著,但不具有明显规律性。(4)叶干物质量与叶厚度相关性不显著,叶含水率与叶厚度、叶面积、叶干重和比叶重相关性不显著,其余各功能性状存在一定的相关性。综上结果可知,植物各功能性状之间存在一定的相关性,彼此相互协调适应环境的变化。该研究结果对于乡土珍贵阔叶树种的人工林种植具有一定的指导意义。

Abstract:

Interspecific trait variation of functional traits in plants reflects the life history strategies of different species, and intraspecific trait variation reflects the responses of different individuals of the same species to different environments. The homogeneous environment of plantation is conducive to the in-depth analysis of intraspecific and interspecific variation of different trees. In this study, the intraspecific and interspecific variations of four native and precious hardwood species(Tsoongiodendron odorum, Castanopsis hystrix, Magnolia blumei, and Parashorea chinensis)in Liangfengjiang Forest plantation were studied. The results were as follows:(1)Most of the leaves of four plants of the same height had significant differences in functional traits, but only a few leaves had no significant differences in functional traits. Compared with the other three plants, the Castanopsis hystrix has lower leaf fresh weight, leaf thickness, leaf area, leaf dry weight, specific leaf area and leaf water content, but the C. hystrix has higher specific leaf weight, leaf dry matter content and leaf tissue density.(2)There were differences in leaf functional traits of the same tree species at different heights, and the differences in tree species were different. Effects of height on leaf function traits were Magnolia blumei>Parashorea chinensis>Tsoongiodendron odorum>Castanopsis hystrix. As the change of height, nine kinds of leaf tissue functional traits, leaf thickness and leaf tissue density were the most stable performance, leaf area and leaf dry weight change were bigger. Specific leaf area showed a downward trend, specific leaf weight showed an upward trend.(3)With the growth of the tree age, the leaf functional traits of Magnolia blumei changed the most, and the leaf functional traits of Castanopsis hystrix were the most stable. Effects of tree age on leaf functional traits were Magnolia blumei>Parashorea chinensis/Tsoongiodendron odorum>Castanopsis hystrix. Among the nine leaf functional traits, leaf thickness and leaf tissue density were the most affected by tree age, and leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight and leaf area were the least affected. The leaf functional traits of the four tree species varied significantly with tree age, but did not showed obvious regularity.(4)There was no significant correlation between leaf dry matter content and leaf thickness, and there was no significant correlation between leaf water content and leaf thickness, leaf area, leaf dry weight and specific leaf weight, while there was a certain correlation between other functional traits. The above results indicate that plant functional traits have certain correlations among them, and coordinate with each other to adapt to changes in the environment. The results of this study have a certain guiding significance for the plantation of local precious hardwood species.