盐胁迫对藜麦种子萌发的影响研究

Effects of salt stress on seed germination of Chenopodium quinoa

关键词:  藜麦, 盐胁迫, 种子萌发, 发芽指数, 生长速率

Key words:  Chenopodium quinoa(quinoa), salt stress, seeds germination, germination index, growth rate

摘要:

再生水资源可浇灌农田,但水中含有的阴离子可使土壤产生盐胁迫。为研究盐胁迫对藜麦(Chenopodium quinoa)种子萌发特性及胚根、胚芽生长的影响,该研究以6个藜麦品种(红藜麦、国红藜麦、台红藜麦、台紫红藜麦、黄藜麦、台黄红藜麦)为材料,分别以NaCl、Na₂SO₄、NaHCO₃和对照(CK)处理6个藜麦品种种子,测定其发芽率、胚根、胚芽抑制率等指标,运用均方差决策法对不同藜麦品种耐盐性进行综合评价,初步筛选出不同盐胁迫下耐盐性较强的品种。结果表明:(1)三种盐胁迫中,Na₂SO₄对种子萌发指标抑制作用最明显,6个藜麦品种的发芽率均相对较低,一直保持在5%以下,除黄藜麦、台黄红藜麦,其余4个品种的活力指数和生长速率均为0,除黄藜麦外,Na₂SO₄ 对其余5个藜麦品种的胚根、胚芽抑制率均达到100%; NaCl对种子萌发和生长的抑制作用较小,甚至可促进胚根和胚芽生长,国红藜麦和台黄红藜麦的生长速率在NaCl处理下始终高于对照,在9 h和21 h时国红藜麦胚根抑制率为-28.32%和-37.57%。(2)运用均方差决策法对6个藜麦品种的萌发指标和生长指标进行综合评价结果显示,国红藜麦对NaCl、NaHCO₃抗性较高,黄藜麦对Na₂SO₄抗性较高。综合以上结果表明,盐胁迫不利于藜麦种子萌发及生长,但在不同盐分地区种植适宜生长的品种可提高藜麦成活率,提高其生长质量,以达到藜麦园林绿化及再生水资源灌溉的要求。

Abstract:

Reclaimed water can irrigate farmland, but anions in water can cause salt stress to the plants. In order to study the effects of salt stress on seed germination characteristics, radicle and germ growth of Chenopodium quinoa, this experiment was designed to measure germination rate, germination vigor, radical and germ elongation inhibition rate in six types of quinoa cultivars(Red quinoa, China-red quinoa, Tai-red quinoa, Tai purple-red quinoa, Yellow quinoa, and Tai yellow-red quinoa)under three types of salt treatments(NaCl, Na₂SO₄, NaHCO₃ and control). The salt tolerance of different quinoa varieties was comprehensively evaluated by using the mean square error decision method, and the varieties with strong salt tolerance under different salt stresses were preliminarily selected. The results were as follows:(1)Na₂SO₄ had the most obvious inhibition effect on germination index of seeds, and the germination rates of six quinoa varieties were relatively low, which kept below 5%, and growth rates in which values were all 0 in four of the cultivars except for Yellow and Tai yellow-red quinoa. The inhibition rates of Na₂SO₄ on radicle and germ of the other five quinoa varieties were 100% except for Yellow quinoa, the growth rates of China-red quinoa and Tai yellow-red quinoa under NaCl treatment were higher than that of the control, at 9 h and 21 h, the radicle inhibition rates were -28.32% and -37.57%.(2)The results of the mean aquare error decision method showed that China-red quinoa had higher resistance to NaCl and NaHCO₃, and Yellow quinoa had higher resistance to Na₂SO₄. All the above results indicate that salt stress is not conducive to the seed germination and growth of quinoa, but planting suitable varieties in different salt areas can improve the survival rate and growth quality of quinoa, so as to reach the requirements of landscaping using reclaimed water as irrigation.