施硒对三个香蕉品种植株生长、生理及果实品质的影响

Effects of selenium application on plant growth, physiology and fruit quality of three banana varieties

关键词:  香蕉, 硒, 生长指标, 生理特性, 果实品质

Key words:  banana, selenium, growth index, physiological property, fruit quality

摘要:

该文以‘南天黄' ‘中蕉9号' ‘红香蕉'三个香蕉品种为材料,研究土壤淋施硒酸钠溶液对香蕉植株生长、果实产量和品质,以及叶片MDA、脯氨酸、硒含量的影响。结果表明:(1)每株0.25、0.50 g施硒处理能显著促进三个香蕉品种株高的增长,对‘南天黄' ‘红香蕉'基茎围的增长促进作用显著,对‘中蕉9号'基茎围促进作用不显著。(2)施硒对植株营养生长过程中叶片MDA含量的影响较小,仅在部分时间段MDA含量显著升高或降低; 每株0.25、0.50 g的硒酸钠处理能显著降低三个香蕉品种叶片中脯氨酸含量。施硒对香蕉叶片中硒含量具有显著影响,施硒浓度越高,叶片中硒含量也越高。(3)施硒能显著提高各香蕉品种单株产量,对‘中蕉9号' ‘红香蕉'单果重促进作用显著,对‘南天黄'单果重促进作用不显著; 每株0.25 g施硒处理,‘中蕉9号'的单株产量为24.38 kg、单果重为165.86 g,分别比对照高出了12.80%、14.69%。(4)土施适宜浓度的硒酸钠能提高香蕉果实中维生素C、钾含量,‘南天黄' ‘中蕉9号' ‘红香蕉'三个香蕉品种施硒后维生素C含量最高可达12.7、13.9、10.6 mg·100g^-1,比对照分别提高了12.72%、18.84%、29.39%; 钾含量最高可达349、279、397 mg·100g^-1,比对照分别提高29.62%、33.28%、47.77%。(5)硒处理浓度越高,果实中硒含量也越高; 对照处理的香蕉果实硒含量未达到富硒标准,每株经0.25、0.50 g硒酸钠处理后三个香蕉品种的果实硒含量均达到富硒标准。综上认为,土壤淋施硒酸钠溶液能提高香蕉果实中的硒含量,促进香蕉植株生长、提升果实品质,且对降低叶片中MDA和脯氨酸含量具有一定影响,但对不同香蕉品种的影响效果存在差异,该研究结果为富硒香蕉的生产栽培提供了理论依据。

Abstract:

In this study, three banana varieties, ‘Nantianhuang' ‘Zhongjiao 9' and ‘Hongxiangjiao' were studied as experimental materials to study the effects of sodium selenate solution on the plant growth, yield, fruit quality,contents of MDA, proline and selenium. The results were as follows:(1)The application of 0.25 and 0.50 g·plant^-1 sodium selenate could significantly increase plant height of three banana varieties and the growth of basal stem circumference of ‘Nantianhuang' and ‘Hongxiangjiao', but not ‘Zhongjiao 9'.(2)The application of selenium had little effect on MDA content in leaves during vegetative growth, and MDA content increased or decreased significantly only in part time. The proline content in leaves of the three banana varieties were significantly reduced at 0.25 and 0.50 g·plant^-1 sodium selenate. Selenium had a significant effect on selenium content in leaves. The higher selenium concentration, the higher the selenium content in leaves.(3)The application of selenium could significantly increase the yield of banana and the single fruit weight of ‘Zhongjiao 9' and ‘Hongxiangjiao'. The yield per plant and single fruit weight of ‘Zhongjiao 9' at 0.25 g·plant^-1 sodium selenate were 24.38 kg and 165.86 g, which were 12.80% and 14.69% higher than those of the check(CK). The suitable concentration of sodium selenite could effectively increase the content of vitamin C and potassium in fruits.(4)The highest vitamin C contents of ‘Nantianhuang' ‘Zhongjiao 9' and ‘Hongxiangjiao' were 12.7, 13.9 and 10.6 mg·100g^-1, which were 12.72%, 18.84% and 29.39% higher than CK. And the highest contents of potassium were 349, 279 and 397 mg·100g^-1, which were 29.62%, 33.28% and 47.77% higher than CK.(5)The higher the concentration of selenium treatment, the higher the content of selenium in fruits. The selenium content of fruits in CK did not reach the standard of selenium enrichment. The three banana varieties reached the standard of selenium enrichment after treatment with 0.25 and 0.50 g·plant^-1 sodium selenate. In conclusion, the application of sodium selenate solution in soil can increase the content of selenium in banana fruits, promote the plant growth, improve fruit quality of banana, and decrease the content of MDA and proline in leaves. However, there are differences in the effects of various banana varieties. These findings will provide a theoretical basis for the production and cultivation of selenium enriched banana.