氮、磷、钾肥对绣球‘花手鞠'容器苗生长及养分状况的影响

Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on growth and nutrient status of potted Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Hanatemari'

关键词:  绣球‘花手鞠', 氮磷钾, “3414”平衡施肥, 生长, 养分含量

Key words:  Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Hanatemari', nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium, “3414” balanced fertilization, growth, nutrient content

摘要:

为指导绣球容器苗的合理施肥,该研究以两年生盆栽绣球‘花手鞠'(Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Hanatemari')为材料,利用“3414”平衡施肥设计,研究了氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)三种肥料的4个水平(N、K₂O:0、4、8、12 g·plant^-1; P₂O₅:0、1.5、3.0、4.5 g·plant^-1)对‘花手鞠'生长及植物养分状况的影响,并利用临界浓度法确定适宜的施肥量,为绣球容器苗的科学施肥提供依据。结果表明:(1)在氮(N)肥处理中,‘花手鞠'苗高、蓬径、植物生长指数(PGI)、地上部分及全株生物量均随施肥量升高呈上升趋势,当施肥量超过“2”水平时,这些指标升高不再显著,或略有下降。(2)低水平磷(P)肥(P1)和低水平钾(K)肥(K1)有利于绣球‘花手鞠'生物量的积累。(3)绣球‘花手鞠'叶片和茎中的养分含量均随N、P、K施肥量的增加而升高,而根系中K含量随K肥水平的升高变化不显著,与对照无显著差异。(4)根据临界浓度法确定绣球‘花手鞠'叶片中N和P的适宜范围分别为35.31～46.64 g·kg^-1和1.88～2.28 g·kg^-1。综合考虑养分含量、植物生长指标及生产成本,盆栽绣球N、P、K肥适宜的用量为N2(8 g N·plant^-1)、P1(1.5 g P₂O₅·plant^-1)和K1(4 g K₂O·plant^-1)。

Abstract:

In order to guide the rational fertilization of potted Hydrangea macrophylla, the effects of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)at four levels(N, K₂O: 0, 4, 8, 12 g·plant^-1; P₂O₅: 0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 g·plan^-1)on growth and nutrient status of two-year-old potted H. macrophylla ‘Hanatemari' were investigated by the balanced fertilization design of “3414” method. The optimal fertilization dosage was determined by critical concentration method to provide evidence for rational fertilization of potted ‘Hanatemari'. The results were as follows:(1)N fertilization treatments, all of the seedling height, canopy diameter, plant growth index(PGI), aboveground and whole plant biomasses of ‘Hanatemari' increased with the increasing of N fertilization dosage, while these parameters did not change significantly or slightly decreased as the N fertilization dosage exceeded Level 2.(2)Low-level fertilization treatments of P(P1)and K(K1)were beneficial to the biomass accumulation of ‘Hanatemari'.(3)The nutrient contents in leaves and stems of H. macrophylla ‘Hanatemari' increased with the increasing of N, P and K fertilization dosages. However, the contents of K in roots did not change significantly with the increasing of K fertilization levels, and there were no significant differences from the control.(4)According to the critical concentration method, the suitable contents of N in H. macrophylla ‘Hanatemari' leaves ranged from 35.31 to 46.64 g·kg^-1, and P ranged from 1.88 to 2.28 g·kg^-1. Considering nutrient content, PGI and production cost, the optimal fertilization dosages of N, P and K for H. macrophylla ‘Hanatemari' are N2(8 g N·plant^-1), P1(1.5 g P₂O₅·plant^-1)and K1(4 g K₂O·plant^-1), respectively.