鱼藤属植物优异物种筛选及引种栽培研究

Screening the excellent species of genus Derris and studies on its induction and cultivation

关键词:  鱼藤属, 鱼藤酮, 毛鱼藤, 异翅鱼藤, 引种栽培

Key words:  Derris Lour., rotenone, D. elliptica, D. montana, introduction and cultivation

摘要:

鱼藤属(Derris Lour.)植物在我国的主要分布区为西南部地区,是生物农药鱼藤酮的主要原料来源物种,具有广阔的开发利用前景。为了挖掘鱼藤酮含量高、农艺性状优异的种质资源,促进鱼藤属植物栽培和鱼藤酮产业的发展,该文通过对中国南部及越南进行资源调查,收集了14种鱼藤属植物并测定其鱼藤酮含量,重点对2个鱼藤酮高含量物种开展种苗繁育与人工栽培技术研究。结果表明:(1)获得的14种鱼藤属植物均可在桂林市成功种植,鱼藤酮含量较高的物种为毛鱼藤(Derris elliptica)和异翅鱼藤(D. montana)。(2)2个优势物种的扦插育苗成活率均在95%以上; 鱼藤酮在根部积累最高,其中粗根中含量高于须根,木质部含量高于韧皮部。(3)毛鱼藤鱼藤酮含量最高达14.12%,异翅鱼藤的鱼藤酮含量最高达6.75%; 2个物种鱼藤酮含量均随季节变化而波动,从春季植株萌发期开始快速上升,之后均能维持在较高水平。综上所述,毛鱼藤和异翅鱼藤均具有较高的开发利用价值,并且异翅鱼藤生长更迅速,产量更高。

Abstract:

Derris Lour., widely distributed in Southwest China, has promising development and utilization values as a raw material source of biopesticide rotenone. In order to explore germplasm resources with high rotenone content and excellent agronomic traits, and to promote the cultivation of Derris and the development of rotenone industry, we collected 14 Derris species and measured their rotenone contents through a resource survey in South China and Vietnam, and focused on seedling breeding and artificial cultivation technology for two Derris species with high rotenone content. The results were as follows:(1)All 14 Derris species could be successfully grown in Guilin, Derris elliptica and Derris montana with high rotenone content were selected for further research.(2)Both of the cutting survival rate of the two Derris plants were more than 95%; the rotenone was mainly concentrated in plant roots, rotenone content of thick roots was higher than that of thin roots, rotenone content in the xylem was higher than that in the phloem.(3)The highest rotenone content reached 14.12% for D. elliptica and 6.75% for D. montana, rotenone content of the two Derris plants were fluctuated with seasons, rose rapidly from the sprouting period of the plants in spring and maintained at high levels thereafter. All these results indicate that both D. elliptica and D. montana have high exploitation value, and the latter grow more rapidly and has higher yield compared with D. elliptica.