岩黄连种子萌发特性研究

Seed germination characteristics of Corydalis saxicola

关键词:  岩黄连, 种子贮藏, 萌发方法, 萌发力指标, 萌发特性

Key words:  Corydalis saxicola, seed storage, germination method, index of germination ability, germination characteristic

摘要:

岩黄连是一种多年生草本植物,主要分布于我国西南部岩溶地区,具有重要的生态及医药价值,开发利用前景广阔。由于生存环境脆弱和人为采挖的影响使得野生岩黄连资源面临枯竭,因此被列入2021年国家重点保护野生植物名录。为探索该物种濒危的原因,该文研究了种子保存方法、化学试剂前处理、温度、光照、干旱、pH以及混沙保湿冷藏处理对种子萌发的影响。结果表明:(1)低温保存能够延长岩黄连种子的活性,保存2 a的种子萌发率仍能达到30%。(2)化学试剂HCl及NaClO对种子的前处理使其发芽率提升50%～60%; 种子在20 ℃时萌发率能达到50%,而30 ℃时基本不能萌发; 黑暗条件下的萌发率显著高于周期性光照条件; 萌发率随着干旱程度加深不断下降; 萌发率在pH值3.0～8.0的条件下无显著变化。(3)混沙保湿冷藏使种子发芽势和萌发率显著提高,萌发率达到对照的2倍。综上认为,岩黄连种子在室温条件下易失活且不能在30 ℃以上高温萌发的特性与其濒危有较大关系; 高效的种子萌发方法可以为岩黄连保护与产业化应用提供有效途径。该研究结果为野生岩黄连的保育提供了理论和技术保障,为其大田栽培和产业化推广提供了技术支持。

Abstract:

Corydalis saxicola is a perennial herbaceous plant, which mainly distributed in the karst areas of southwest China. Due to its important ecological and medicinal value, Corydalis saxicola has great prospects for development and utilization. With fragile living environmental condition and anthropogenic harvesting pressure, the wild resource of Corydalis saxicola is on the verge of exhaustion, so it has been included in the list of national key protected wild plants in 2021. In order to explore the causes for the endangerment of Corydalis saxicola and provide reference for its conservation and seedling breeding, this paper investigated the influencing factors on seed germination that including seed preservation methods, chemical pre-treatments, temperature, light, drought, pH, mix with wet sand and refrigerate treatment. The results were as follows:(1)Low-temperature storage can prolonged the seed activity, germination rate of 2-years stored seed could still reached 30%.(2)Germination rates of seed pre-treatments by HCl and NaClO solutions can reached to 50%～60%; germination rate was 50% at 20 ℃, while closed to zero at 30 ℃; darkness was more favorable for seed germination than periodic light condition; the seed germination rate kept decreasing with deepening drought; the seed germination rate did not changed significantly under the conditions of pH 3.0～8.0.(3)Mix with wet sand and refrigerate treatment can significantly promoted the seed germination potential and germination rate, and the germination rate was twofold of the control. In summary, the seed inactivation at room temperature and germination inability at high temperatures above 30 ℃ are more related to its endangerment; efficient seed germination methods can provide an effective way for conservation and industrial application of Corydalis saxicola. The results provide a theoretical and technical guarantee for the conservation of wild Corydalis saxicola, and technically support is cultivation.