施盐和磷对台湾相思幼苗光合作用及养分特征的影响

Effects of salt and phosphorus fertilization on photosynthesis and nutrient characteristics of Acacia confusa

关键词:  盐胁迫, 磷肥, 光合作用, 养分含量, 台湾相思幼苗

Key words:  salt stress, phosphorus fertilization, photosynthesis, nutrient content, Acacia confusa seedlings

摘要:

为探究施盐和磷对重要海防林树种台湾相思幼苗叶光合作用与养分特征的影响,该研究设置0%(B₀)、0.2%(B₁)、0.4%(B₂)、0.6%(B₃)、0.8%(B₄)的NaCl溶液和0(P₀)、0.5(P₁)、1.5(P₂)g·kg^-1 3个供磷水平的过磷酸钙磷肥,在此基础上设置盐磷6个耦合处理,测定幼苗光合作用和养分特征指标。结果表明:(1)盐胁迫显著抑制台湾相思幼苗的生长发育,盐含量越高影响程度越大; 低盐施磷对台湾相思幼苗生长不利,中高盐施磷显著减缓盐对幼苗生长的抑制作用。(2)台湾相思幼苗光合作用受盐胁迫影响显著; 中低盐施磷后气孔关闭程度上升会加剧盐胁迫对幼苗光合作用的影响,高盐适当施磷可显著提高台湾相思幼苗光合能力。(3)盐胁迫显著降低叶绿素含量且对光系统Ⅱ造成危害; 低盐胁迫施磷对台湾相思幼苗叶绿素合成不利,高盐适当施磷可以提高叶绿素合成量、稳定细胞膜结构以及提高叶片潜在光合能力。(4)盐胁迫对叶的Fe、Mn、Na、Cu等金属元素含量有较强干扰; 在盐胁迫基础上施磷可有效促进幼苗对部分元素的吸收。综上认为,在盐胁迫条件下施磷可以提高台湾相思幼苗光合作用和吸收养分的能力。该研究结果为提高台湾相思树的耐盐性和磷利用率提供了理论依据,对沿海防护林可持续经营具有指导意义。

Abstract:

Acacia confusa is an important species in coastal shelter forests. In order to explore the effects of salt and phosphorus fertilization on leaf photosynthesis and nutrient characteristics of the seedlings. NaCl solutions were configured in the concentrations of 0%(B₀), 0.2%(B₁), 0.4%(B₂), 0.6%(B₃)and 0.8%(B₄), and superphosphate solutions in the concentrations of 0 g·kg^-1(P₀), 0.5 g·kg^-1(P₁), and 1.5 g·kg^-1(P₂). The photosynthesis and nutrient characteristics of the seedlings were determined after being watered by the 6 combined solutions of salt-phosphorus coupling fertilization. The results were as follows:(1)Salt stress significantly inhibited the growth and development of the seedlings, and the higher the salt content, the greater the effect. Phosphorus application under low-salt stress was unfavorable to the growth of the seedlings, while phosphorus application under medium-high one significantly slowed down the inhibition of the seedling growth.(2)The greater the salt stress, the higher the effects on the photosynthesis of the seedlings. The stomatal closure degree of phosphorus application increased under low and medium salt stress, which aggravated the effect of salt stress on photosynthesis of the seedlings. Appropriate phosphorus application under high-salt stress could significantly improve the photosynthetic capacity of the seedlings.(3)Salt stress significantly reduced chlorophyll content and caused harm to photosystem II. Phosphorus fertilization on the seedlings under low-salt stress had adverse effects on chlorophyll synthesis. Appropriate fertilization of phosphorus in high-salt stress could increase chlorophyll synthesis, stabilize cell membrane structure, and improve the potential photosynthetic capacity of leaves.(4)Salt stress had strong interference on the contents of Fe, Mn, Na, Cu and other metal elements in leaves. Phosphorus application under salt stress could effectively promote the absorption of some elements by seedlings. In conclusion, phosphorus application after salt stress can improve the photosynthesis and nutrient absorption ability of A. confusa seedlings on the whole. The results provides a theoretical and practical basis for improving the salt tolerance and phosphorus utilization rate of A. confusa, and have guiding significance for the sustainable management of coastal shelter forests.