中国苦苣苔科植物濒危现状与多样性保护

Endangered status and biodiversity conservation of China's Gesneriaceae

关键词:  IUCN, 苦苣苔科, 物种多样性, 濒危状况评估, 新分类群

Key words:  IUCN, Gesneriaceae, species biodiversity, assessment of endangered status, new taxon

摘要:

截至2021年12月31日,中国已知苦苣苔科植物共有805种(含种下等级,下同),隶属于45个属,主要分布在我国西南至华南地区,其中特有种和狭域种十分丰富。由于苦苣苔科大部分种类仅适应于某些特化的微生境,因此极易因自身原因和外界因素的干扰而致危。为更好地了解中国苦苣苔科已知物种的濒危风险,该研究在查阅相关文献且结合最近发表的新分类群中关于濒危等级评估的相关内容,辅以近年来实地调查掌握的第一手资料,对中国苦苣苔科已知物种的濒危等级进行了统计分析和重新评估。同时,依托中国野生植物保护协会苦苣苔专业委员会、广西植物研究所国家苦苣苔科种质资源库和中国苦苣苔科植物保育中心平台,首次创新了从新种发现和发表到濒危状况评估、即时启动保育和园艺新品种培育同步进行的物种保护新模式。分析结果表明,有必要提高政府相关部门对苦苣苔科植物多样性保护的重视程度。因此,建议:(1)进一步加强对中国苦苣苔科植物种质资源保护紧迫性的认识;(2)针对濒危的尤其是被评估为极危(CR)和濒危(EN)的类群开展“抢救性”保护、迁地与就地保护和野外回归;(3)积极开展新品种培育等方面的研究。以上结果和建议是将来苦苣苔科植物多样性保护的重要基础和必要前提。

Abstract:

There are a lot of endemic and narrowly distributed species in Gesneriaceae in China's higher plants, 805 known species(including infraspecies, the same below), belong to 45 genera, before December 31^st, 2021, and mainly found from Southwest toward South China. Apart from a few species, most species in China are specifically turned the certain micro-habitats so that they are easily influenced becoming endangered status by the own and external factors. For better understanding the endangered risks of known species of Gesneriaceae in China, we re-assessed the IUCN red list categories of China's Gesneriaceae taxa, then calculated and analyzed the data based on consulting relevant literature, collecting the endangered data of new reported taxa in recent years, and coupling with detailed field investigations for Gesneriaceae in China. At the same time, relied on Gesneriad Committee of China Wild Plant Conservation Association, National Gesneriaceae Germplasm Resources Bank of GXIB and Gesneriad Conservation Center of China, we first created and formulated a new mode for the conservation of China's Gesneriaceae plants, which executed simultaneously new taxa discoveries and formal publications, assessments of the taxon's endangered status, immediately launching conservation programs and new horticultural variety cultivations. Analysis results demonstrate that it is necessary to enhance the attention degree of protection of Gesneriaceae biodiversity by relevant government departments. Thus, we suggest:(1)To further strengthen the understanding for the urgency of protection of China's Gesneriaceae germplasm resource;(2)To conduct series of researches about rescuing conservation, ex & in-situ conservation, re-introduction in similar habitats and development for those groups in CR & EN categories;(3)To promote the development of breeding of new horticultural varieties of Gesneriaceae. All are the important base and essential precondition of Gesneriaceae biodiversity conservation.