缓释肥对杉木容器苗生长、光合生理和养分积累的影响

Effects of slow-release fertilizer on growth, photosynthetic physiology and nutrient accumulation of container seedlings of Cunninghamia lanceolata

关键词:  苗木培育, 缓释肥, 杉木, 叶绿素荧光参数, 容器苗, 苗木质量

Key words:  seedling cultivation, slow-release fertilizer, Cunninghamia lanceolata, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, container seedling, seedling quality

摘要:

为探索杉木容器苗生长、光合特性及养分积累对不同缓释肥用量的响应特征。该文通过设置6种不同缓释肥用量处理(0、200、400、800、1 000、1 200 g·m^-3),研究不同缓释肥用量对杉木幼苗生长、光合色素含量、叶绿素荧光特性和养分含量的影响,并结合隶属函数法对各生长和生理指标进行综合评价,以期筛选出适合杉木容器苗生长的施肥水平,为杉木优质苗木的高效培育提供参考。结果表明:(1)与对照相比,施用缓释肥可不同程度促进杉木幼苗苗高、地径生长及植株总生物量的积累。(2)与对照相比,缓释肥处理可显著增加杉木叶片叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量,提高叶片最大荧光(F_m)、可变荧光(F_v)、PS Ⅱ最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、PS Ⅱ潜在光化学效率(F_v/F_o)和实际量子产量(QY)值。(3)缓释肥处理可不同程度促进杉木幼苗养分的积累,其中锰、铁和锌积累量变化最显著。(4)隶属函数法分析结果表明,当缓释肥用量为1 000 g·m^-3时其隶属值最大,表明该处理下苗木综合生长状况最好。综上所述,1 000 g·m^-3缓释肥用量是适宜杉木壮苗培育的施肥量,在该处理下通过促进植株体内与光合作用密切相关元素的积累,增加叶片光合色素含量,提高叶片PS Ⅱ光化学效率和电子传递速率,进而增强叶片对光能捕获和利用效率,最终改善苗木生长。

Abstract:

In order to explore the responses of growth, photosynthetic characteristics and nutrient accumulation of Cunninghamia lanceolata container seedlings to different amounts of slow-release fertilizer application. In this paper, the effects of different amounts of slow-release fertilizer application treatments(0, 200, 400, 800, 1 000 and 1 200 g·m^-3)on the growth of seedlings height, ground diameters, biomass, photosynthetic pigment content, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and nutrient content of C. lanceolata seedlings were investigated. Moreover, subordinate function value method was also employed to comprehensive evaluate the growth and physiology indexes of seedlings under different fertilization treatments, and screening suitable slow-release fertilizer levels for the growth of C. lanceolata seedlings, which providing reference for the efficiency cultivation of high quality C. lanceolata seedlings. The results were as follows:(1)Compared with the control, the slow-release fertilizer application could promote the growth of seedling height, ground diameter and the accumulation of total biomass of C. lanceolata seedlings to varying degrees.(2)The slow-release fertilizer treatments could significantly increase the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid in leaves of C. lanceolata as compared with control. In addition, slow-release fertilizer treatments also increased the values of maximum fluorescence(F_m), variable fluorescence(F_v), maximum photochemical efficiency of PS Ⅱ(F_v/F_m), potential photochemical efficiency of PS Ⅱ(F_v/F_o)and actual quantum yield(QY)to varying degrees when compared with control.(3)The slow-release fertilizer treatments could promote the nutrient accumulation in seedlings of C. lanceolata to varying degrees, among which the contents of Mn, Fe and Zn were found to be changed most significantly.(4)The results of subordinate function value method showed that when the amount of slow-release fertilizer application was 1 000 g·m^-3, its membership value was the largest, which indicated that the comprehensive growth of seedlings under this treatment was the best. In conclusion, the amount of 1 000 g·m^-3 slow-release fertilizer application is the most suitable treatment for the cultivation of high quality seedlings of C. lanceolata in the present study, under this treatment, the growth of C. lanceolata seedlings can be improved by increasing the accumulation of nutrient elements closely related to photosynthesis, thus increasing the contents of photosynthetic pigment in leaves, which in turn enhance the PS Ⅱ photosynthetic efficiency and electron transfer rate, further enhance the efficiency of light energy capture and utilization of leaves, and ultimately improve seedling growth.