施肥对毛红椿幼林生长及叶片生理特征的影响

Effects of fertilization on young forest growth and leaf physiological characteristics of Toona ciliata var. pubescens

关键词:  毛红椿, 幼林, 施肥, 生长, 生理

Key words:  i>Toona ciliate var. pubescens, young forest, fertilization, growth, physiology

摘要:

为了探究珍贵树种毛红椿对施用不同肥料不同用量的响应,该文以毛红椿幼林为研究对象,设置氮肥(N)、磷肥(P)、复合肥(CF)及缓释肥(SRF)4种肥料3个施肥水平(高、中、低),研究施肥对毛红椿幼林生长和叶片养分、生理的影响。结果表明:(1)施肥均可促进毛红椿树高和胸径生长,氮肥和复合肥效果更明显,氮肥处理的4年生毛红椿平均树高、平均胸径、平均材积较不施肥(CK)分别提高了15.0%、21.9%、67.5%,其中低氮肥(N1)处理的胸径年均生长量最大(2.99 cm),复合肥处理的平均树高、平均胸径、平均材积较CK分别提高了16.7%、19.2%、54.3%。高缓释肥(SRF3)和低磷肥(P1)分别在第4年树高、胸径的年增长量达到最大(分别为1.96 m、2.33 cm)。(2)施肥显著增加了毛红椿叶片叶绿素含量和非结构性碳水化合物含量,氮肥显著促进可溶性糖合成而磷肥显著促进淀粉合成。(3)N1和磷肥分别显著促进毛红椿叶片氮和磷含量的提高,磷肥、复合肥和氮肥均可显著提高叶片钾含量。(4)主成分分析结果表明,施肥促进生长效果依次为氮肥>复合肥>磷肥>缓释肥>不施肥,其中N1即100 g·plant^-1·year^-1的综合评价值最高。综合施肥成本和效益,施氮肥或复合肥能有效促进毛红椿幼林生长发育,推荐幼林期每年每株施100 g氮肥即可。该研究结果可为毛红椿造林初期林木养分管理提供参考。

Abstract:

In order to explore the response of the precious tree species Toonaciliate var. pubescens to different amounts of different fertilizers, the young forest of T. ciliate var. pubescens was taken as the research object. A random block design was used to analyze the effects of fertilization on the growth, leaf nutrients and physiology of young forest of T. ciliate var. pubescens, and three fertilization levels(high, medium and low)were set, including nitrogenous fertilizer(N), phosphate fertilizer(P), compound fertilizer(CF)and slow-release fertilizer(SRF). The results were as follows:(1)Fertilization could promote the height and diameter at breast height(DBH)growth, and the effects of nitrogenous fertilizer and compound fertilizer were more obvious. The average tree height, average DBH and average volume of 4-year old tree with nitrogenous fertilizer increased by 15.0%, 21.9% and 67.5% compared with CK(no fertilizer), respectively, and the annual average growth of DBH under low nitrogenous fertilizer(N1)treatment was the highest(2.99 cm). Compared with CK, the average tree height, average DBH and average volume of compound fertilizer were increased by 16.7%, 19.2% and 54.3%, respectively. High slow-release fertilizer(SRF3)and low phosphate(P1)had the largest annual increases in tree height and DBH(1.96 m and 2.33 cm)in the 4th year, respectively.(2)Fertilization significantly increased chlorophyll content and non-structural carbohydrate content in leaves of T. ciliate var. pubescens, nitrogenous fertilizer significantly promoted the synthesis of soluble sugar and phosphate fertilizer significantly promoted the synthesis of starch.(3)N1 and phosphate fertilizer significantly promote the increase of N and P contents, respectively, and phosphate fertilizer, compound fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer significantly increased K content in leaves.(4)The principal component analysis showed that the effect of fertilizer to promote growth was nitrogenous fertilizer>compound fertilizer>phosphate fertilizer>slow-release fertilizer>no fertilizer. Among them, N1, i.e. 100 g·plant^-1·year^-1, had the highest comprehensive evaluation value. Comprehensive fertilization cost and benefit, nitrogenous fertilizer or compound fertilizer can effectively promote the growth and development of T. ciliate var. pubescens young forest. It is recommended to apply 100 g nitrogenous fertilizer per plant per year in young forest stage. The results can provide a reference for the forest nutrient management in the early stage of afforestation.