不同轻基质配比和施肥处理对盆栽梅花‘骨里红'幼苗生长和生理的影响

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关键词:  梅花, 轻基质, 营养液, 配方施肥, 生长和生理响应

Key words:  Prunus mume, light substrate, nutrient solution, formula fertilization, growth and physiological responses

摘要:

为指导梅花‘骨里红'幼苗的合理施肥,该研究以一年生‘骨里红'梅扦插苗为材料,设计三因素三水平正交试验,分析了轻基质原料配比(体积比)、单次施肥量和施肥频率对‘骨里红'梅生长和生理的影响,通过苗木的质量指数(QI)公式得出各处理的QI值,对各单项指标的主成分进行分析,并计算各指标的权重系数,同时结合隶属函数模型算出施肥效果D值。结果表明:(1)轻基质体积比在松针土:草炭:珍珠岩(体积比)=1:2:2的组合下‘骨里红'幼苗的整体生长情况最好,优于其他两种基质配比。(2)施肥处理中,‘骨里红'苗的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、叶绿素含量、光合参数均随施肥量增多呈上升趋势,当施肥量过高时部分指标不再升高,或略有下降。(3)‘骨里红'叶片中的养分含量随施肥量的增多而增加。(4)20 d的施肥频率和200 mL的单次施肥量条件有利于‘骨里红'苗生物量的积累。综合考虑植物生长指标、生理指标、养分含量及QI、隶属模型和主成分分析结果,养分含量营养液中氮浓度为420 mg·L^-1、磷浓度为217 mg·L^-1、钾浓度为273 mg·L^-1,松针土:草炭:珍珠岩(体积比)=1:2:2、单次施肥量为150 mL、施肥频率为15 d是适宜‘骨里红'梅一年生苗生长的轻基质施肥方案。该研究结果为‘骨里红'梅的轻基质栽培提供了技术支撑,为进一步探讨适宜各品种梅花的通用配方提供了理论基础,对梅花的科学施肥及出口具有重要意义。

Abstract:

To optimize the growth of Prunus mume ‘Gulihong' seedlings through informed fertilization strategies, a comprehensive three-factor, three-level orthogonal experiment was designed, utilizing one-year-old ‘Gulihong' cuttings as the test material. We specifically investigated the impact of light substrate ratios(volume ratios), single fertilization amount, and fertilization frequencies on the growth and physiological characteristics of ‘Gulihong' seedlings. The quality index(QI)for each treatment was calculated utilizing a seedling quality index formula. Principal component analysis was subsequently performed on individual index, and weight coefficients were computed to elucidate the relationships between variables. The fertilization effect D value was ascertained using a membership function model. The results were as follows:(1)The overall growth of ‘Gulihong' seedlings was optimal with a pine needle soil:grass charcoal:perlite(volume ratio)of 1:2:2, outperforming the other two substrate ratios in terms of growth outcomes.(2)In fertilization treatments, the contents of the soluble sugar, soluble protein, chlorophyll, and photosynthetic parameters of ‘Gulihong' seedlings increased with higher fertilizer application rates. However, some indices plateaued or marginally decreased when the application rate was excessive, underscoring the necessity of balanced fertilization.(3)The nutrient contents in ‘Gulihong' leaves consistently increased with higher fertilizer application rates, highlighting the direct relationship between fertilization and nutrient uptake.(4)A fertilization frequency of 20 days and a single fertilization amount of 200 mL were conducive to biomass accumulation in ‘Gulihong' seedlings, promoting overall growth. Considering plant growth index, physiological index, nutrient content, QI, membership model, and principal component analysis results, the recommended light substrate fertilization program for one-year-old ‘Gulihong' seedlings comprises a nutrient solution with N=420 mg·L^-1, P=217 mg·L^-1, K=273 mg·L^-1, pine needle soil:grass charcoal:perlite(volume ratios)=1:2:2, a single fertilization amount of 150 mL, and a fertilization frequency of 15 days. This conclusion provides a vital technical support for the light substrate cultivation of ‘Gulihong', indispensable theoretical support for further exploration of general formulas suitable for one-year-old P. mume seedlings, and holds significant implications for the scientific fertilization and export of P. mume, ultimately contributing to the sustainable development of the industry.