| 摘要: |
| 古树是指树龄在100年以上,因受人类文化影响而保存下来的自然资源,被誉为“绿色文物”,是学者研究区域植被和民族文化变迁的重要依据。为探讨城镇化发展对区域古树遗留特征的影响,并探明城镇化发展、民族文化与古树遗留三者之间的关系,以期建立从少数民族文化传承角度出发的古树保护方案。该文以云南省彝族的主要聚居地楚雄市坝区为研究对象,对形成城镇化水平梯度的7个乡镇开展古树资源调查。结果表明:(1)楚雄市坝区有古树16科22属26种301株,其中黄连木、侧柏和云南山茶古树合计超过总数的75%。(2)城镇化率最高的鹿城镇、东瓜镇以及城镇化率最低的子午镇古树物种多样性在楚雄坝区的7个镇中都较高,但聚集分布于寺庙、学校和公园。(3)鹿城镇和东瓜镇的物种组成和空间分布展现出外来文化影响特征,子午镇则保留了更多的彝族“神树林”原生植被。(4)彝族人口占比高的乡镇并未拥有更高的古树多样性或遗留更多的传统“神木”。综上认为,在城镇化发展过程中,少数民族文化面临逐步丢失的困境,研究古树的组成和空间分布特征对于加强古树保护与提升民族文化传承具有重要意义。 |
| 关键词: 城镇化率, 古树, 物种多样性, 分布特征, 民族文化 |
| DOI：10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202210020 |
| 分类号:Q948.12 |
| 文章编号:1000-3142(2024)03-0600-11 |
| Fund project:云南省教育厅科学研究基金(2023J0705); 西南林业大学科研基金(18200117)。 |
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| Characteristics of ancient trees in different urbanization rates areas of Yi nationality in Yunnan Province |
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ZHENG Mengfei1,2, DENG Zhongjian1, LIU Zhuozhi3, GU Xu1*
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1. Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650031, China;2. College of Landscape Architecture,
Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210000, China;3. College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650031, China
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| Abstract: |
| The urbanization undoubtedly has a significant impact on minority cultures and the natural environment from which minority cultures are born, and they are closely intertwined in the birth and preservation of cultural diversity. Ancient trees, known as green cultural relics, are the resources retained by human cultures, which form important bases for studying regional vegetation and national cultures, since it can yield valuable insights into the intricate connections between nature and human societies, shedding light on how the natural environment both shapes and is influenced by cultural expressions. In the present study, we surveyed the ancient trees of seven towns with different urbanization rates in Chuxiong City, the main habitation area of Yi nationality in Yunnan Province, in order to explore the influence of urbanization development on minority cultures reflected by the characteristics of ancient trees. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 301 ancient trees were recorded, belonging to 26 species, 22 genera, and 16 families. Pistacia chinensis, Platycladus orientalis and Camellia reticulata were dominant species, accounting for more than 75% of the total number of ancient tree individuals.(2)Although Lucheng Town and Donggua Town were with the highest urbanization rate, while Ziwu Town was with the lowest urbanization rate, they all exhibited a high level of ancient tree diversity, with most of such ancient trees aggregatedly distributed around temples, parks and schools.(3)The species composition and distribution of ancient trees in Lucheng Town and Donggua Town with the highest urbanization rate reflected the foreign culture influence, while Ziwu Town with the lowest rate had more native species from the “God forests” of Yi nationality.(4)Towns with a high proportion of Yi nationality had neither higher diversity of ancient trees nor more “God forests” species. To sum up, in the process of urbanization development, ethnic minority cultures are faced with the dilemma of gradual loss, which further affects the composition and spatial distribution characteristics of regional ancient trees. Enhancing the safeguarding of ancient trees and fostering the preservation of national cultures are mutually reinforcing endeavors. |
| Key words: urbanization rate, ancient trees, species diversity, distribution pattern, national culture |
