Page 164 - 《广西植物》2026年第7期
P. 164
1 2 6 0 广 西 植 物 46 卷
Abstract: Phytophthora leaf fall disease is one of the main diseases affecting rubber trees. In recent yearsꎬ its prevalence
and severity have continued to increase in rubber ̄growing areas of Yunnanꎬ causing substantial economic losses to the
local rubber industry. Because the disease occurs sporadically at the early stage and relevant research remains limitedꎬ
precise standards for disease control and tapping cessation in infected trees have not yet been established. Thereforeꎬ this
study aimed to develop a scientific indicator system for disease control and tapping cessationꎬ so as to avoid pesticide
waste and dry rubber yield loss caused by premature disease control and tapping cessationꎬ and to prevent severe damage
to rubber trees resulting from delayed control measures. Based on the variation patterns of latex physiological
characteristics during disease progressionꎬ latex samples with disease severity grades 0-5 were systematically collected
from seven farms and one township in the rubber ̄growing area of Xishuangbannaꎬ Yunnan Province. The widely
cultivated rubber tree clones GT1 and RRIM600 were selected as the study materials. The contents of sucroseꎬ inorganic
phosphorusꎬ thiolꎬ and total solids in latex were determinedꎬ and the changes in latex physiological parameters among
trees with different disease levels were analyzed. The results were as follows: (1) With increasing disease levelꎬ the
contents of thiolꎬ sucroseꎬ and total solids in latex decreased significantlyꎬ whereas inorganic phosphorus content
increased markedly. Among these parametersꎬ only thiol content showed an extremely significant negative correlation with
disease progression. (2) Based on the standard values determined in the preliminary studyꎬ the latex thiol content of
 ̄1  ̄1
RRIM600 decreased to 0.26 mmolL at disease level 3ꎬ while that of GT1 decreased to 0.35 mmolL at disease
level 4ꎻ both values were at relatively low levels. In conclusionꎬ latex thiol content can serve as a core indicator for
disease control and tapping cessation in infected rubber trees. The tapping ̄cessation thresholds for RRIM600 and GT1
 ̄1  ̄1
were determined to be 0.26 mmolL and 0.35 mmolL ꎬ respectively. Considering the rapid progression of this
diseaseꎬ control measures are recommended to be initiated at disease level 2 (or when latex thiol content decreases to
 ̄1  ̄1
0.31 mmolL ) for RRIM600ꎬ and at disease level 3 (or when latex thiol content decreases to 0.42 mmolL ) for
GT1. This study introduces latex physiological diagnosis into the control system of Phytophthora leaf fall disease and
provides new technical approaches and a theoretical basis for precise disease control and scientific tapping cessation.
Key words: rubber treesꎬ Phytophthora leaf fall diseaseꎬ latex physiological parametersꎬ control thresholdꎬ tapping
cessation standard
巴 西 橡 胶 树 ( 简 称 橡 胶 树 ) ( Hevea 除根部外ꎬ疫霉菌可感染橡胶树的大部分部位ꎬ其
brasiliensis)ꎬ隶属于大戟科( Euphorbiaceae) 橡胶属 引起的异常落叶病(abnormal leaf fallꎬALF) 是橡胶
(Hevea)ꎬ为多年生乔木ꎬ是目前种植规模最大的 树最具破坏性的病害之一( Jacobꎬ 2003ꎻ Kuruvilla
产胶植物(张源源等ꎬ2025)ꎬ我国的橡胶树种植区 et al.ꎬ2006)ꎬ其中季风性落叶病危害尤为突出ꎬ一
主要分 布 在 云 南、 海 南、 广 东 等 地 ( 李 小 琴 等ꎬ 旦发病ꎬ就会导致落叶、落果、割面条溃疡ꎬ严重时
2026)ꎮ 橡胶树产生的次生代谢物质———橡胶ꎬ与 还会导致胶园大面积停割ꎬ造成胶乳显著减产( 施
石油、煤炭、钢铁并称为四大工业原料ꎬ是国家重 玉萍等ꎬ2023)ꎮ 根据« 云南农垦热作病虫害监测
要战略物资( 吴春太等ꎬ2009)ꎮ 随着社会经济的 与防控简报»(2024 年第 11 期)报道ꎬ2024 年橡胶
发展ꎬ我国对橡胶的需求量日益增长ꎬ2025 年我国 树季风性落叶病在西双版纳州危害面积超 50 万
天然橡胶产量达 97.3 万 tꎬ同年我国进口天然橡胶 亩ꎬ造成经济损失超 5 000 万元ꎬ对我国天然橡胶
(折干)649.2 万 tꎬ约占全球一半( 郁静娴ꎬ2026)ꎮ 安全生产构成严重威胁ꎮ
受气候与生境限制ꎬ我国的橡胶种植面积难以再 当前ꎬ由于疫霉菌独特的生理特性、宿主广泛
扩大ꎬ同时ꎬ因为一直遭受风害和病害影响ꎬ我国 性以及不可预测的环境条件ꎬ采取有效的疫霉病
的橡胶总产量难以在短期内得到显著提高( 刘少 害防控措施仍是一项艰巨任 务 ( Krishnan et al.ꎬ
军等ꎬ2022)ꎮ 在橡胶树的各类病害中ꎬ由疫霉菌 2019)ꎮ 橡胶树胶乳生理诊断技术通过测定胶乳
(Phytophthora)引发的病害对橡胶树栽培构成主要 的蔗糖含量( sucrose contentꎬ SUC)、无 机 磷 含 量
威胁ꎬ20 世纪初在斯里兰卡首次发现的割面条溃 (inorganic phosphorus contentꎬ Pi)、硫醇含量( thiol
疡病是最早被报道的疫霉菌病害( Jacobꎬ 2015)ꎬ contentꎬ RSH)和总固形物含量( total solid contentꎬ

