贵州北盘江流域观赏兰科植物及其功能群研究

Ornamental plants of Orchidaceae and their functional groups in Beipan River basin of Guizhou

关键词:  兰科, 物种多样性, 观赏价值评价, 生态功能群, 植物资源开发

Key words:  orchid, species diversity, ornamental value evaluation, ecological functional groups, plant resource development

摘要:

为科学保护和合理开发贵州北盘江流域野生兰科(Orchidaceae)植物资源,科学筛选高观赏价值兰科植物并探究其环境适应特征,该文以贵州省北盘江流域分布的兰科植物为研究对象,基于层次分析法筛选出具有较高观赏价值的种类,并使用聚类和冗余分析明确不同环境条件下的植物功能群物种组成。结果表明:(1)研究区兰科植物共74属249种(含变种),在水平空间分布上有2个密集区,分别是望谟县与紫云县交界片区和盘州市西部片区; 在垂直空间分布上,随海拔变化呈“中间膨胀型”分布,以800～1 600 m范围为主。(2)研究区观赏兰科植物可划分为三大等级,第一级为开发优等级,共51种兰科植物,第二级为开发储备级,共170种,第三级的28种观赏价值较低,没有作为观赏植物开发的必要。(3)研究区开发优等级的观赏兰科植物可划分为低海拔喜荫非石灰岩山地功能群、低海拔喜阳石灰岩山地功能群、中海拔喜荫石灰岩山地功能群和高海拔喜阳非石灰岩山地功能群4类,不同功能群间兰科植物适应环境类型差异较大。综上表明,对贵州北盘江流域观赏兰科植物的筛选和生态功能群的划分,为今后园林应用、科学保护、引种驯化开发、野外回归等研究提供了一定参考价值。

Abstract:

In order to protect and develop wild Orchidaceae(orchids)plant resources in Beipan River basin of Guizhou, scientifically screen high ornamental value orchids and explore their environmental adaptation characteristics, we took orchids distributing in Beipan River basin of Guizhou as the research project, selected species with high ornamental value based on analytic hierarchy process, and used clustering and redundancy analysis to identify the species composition of plant functional groups under different environmental conditions. The results were as follows:(1)There were 74 genera and 249 species(including varieties)of orchids, the horizontal spatial distribution was concentrated in two areas, namely the border area of Wangmo County and Ziyun County, and the western area of Panzhou City, repectively. The vertical spatial distribution showed an “intermediate expansion” with the change of altitude, the orchids were mainly distributed in the range of 800 -1 600 m.(2)Orchids in the study area could be divided into three ornamental grades, the first was the excellent grade for development, with 51 species, the second was the reserve grade for development, with 170 species, and the third had 28 species with low ornamental values, which were not necessary to be developed as ornamental plants.(3)Development optimal levels of ornamental orchids in the study area could be divided into four ecological function groups, which were low-altitude shade-requiring non-limestone mountain functional group, low-altitude heliophile limestone mountain functional group, intermediate-altitude shade-requiring limestone mountain functional group and high-altitude heliophile non-limestone mountain functional group, respectively. The types of adaptation of orchids to the environment varied greatly among different functional groups. All the above results indicate that screening high ornamental value orchids and dividing their ecological function groups is conducive to landscape application, scientific protection, introduction, domestication and development, and field regression of orchids in the future.