Page 6 - 《广西植物》2020年第5期
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6 0 2                                 广  西  植  物                                         40 卷
       sourcesꎬ the taxa and its taxonomic systems of Epimedium were reviewedꎬ and the issues of taxonomy as well as the in ̄
       sufficiently known taxa were discussed. A total of 68 species have been published and 58 (85.3%) from Chinaꎬ among
       which 57 are unique to China. The taxonomy on Chinese taxa is specialꎬ a total of 26 species were published in the 1990s
       and 31 species (53.4%) were described by foreign researches. Among themꎬ Stearn has described 19 species. Thereforeꎬ
       many Epimedium species of China have been published based on a single locality and/ or the descriptions were based on
       limited specimens or collections. These taxa then become the main objects of subsequent taxonomic revision and comple ̄
       mentary descriptions. Due to lack of extensive field investigationꎬ observation and statistical analysis on morphological
       charactersꎬ 20 taxa have been revised. And the morphological descriptions of a considerable number of taxa were proved
       inaccurate and/ or incomplete. Currentlyꎬ 46 speciesꎬ 1 subspecies and 2 varieties were recognized. The comparatively
       unstable species often occur in West China where the genus is best represented and its evolution is still on going. The
       Chinese Sect. (Diphyllon) reaches the highest species diversity in Epimedium and representing numerous taxonomic con ̄
       troversies. The taxa from China always with complex morphological variation and few molecular genetic variation loci can
       be detected. Chinese species therefore become the biggest taxonomic challenge. Howeverꎬ the research and utilization of
       germplasm resources should be based on correct taxonomy. Specificallyꎬ we recommend that future studies should focus
       on the standardization of morphological descriptionsꎬ based on extensive population investigation. Then the integration of
       morphological variationꎬ distribution patterns and gene sequence characteristics would help to detect the natural interspe ̄
       cific hybridization events and reveal the differentiation and evolution of species.
       Key words: Epimedium L.ꎬ resource advantageꎬ morphological descriptionꎬ taxnomic revisionꎬ interspecific relation ̄
       shipꎬ hybrid

       淫羊藿属 ( Epimedium L.) 为小檗科 ( Berberi ̄          国是淫羊藿药材与提取物的主要供应国( 于东悦
   daceae)最大的草本属ꎬ全世界约 68 种(表 1)ꎮ 分                   等ꎬ2018)ꎮ 此外ꎬ淫羊藿作为可用于保健食品的中
   布于亚洲东部至非洲西北部的温带山区ꎬ其在欧亚                            药材常用品种ꎬ在提倡大健康和中医药大发展的背
   大陆的分布极不均匀ꎬ各地区的物种数量存在巨大                            景下ꎬ具有广阔市场和开发前景(张华峰等ꎬ2010)ꎮ
   差异(Stearnꎬ 2002ꎻ应俊生ꎬ2002)ꎮ 地中海和西亚                 淫羊藿为最具开发潜力和重点研究中药之一(徐艳
   地区分布 4 种( E. alpinumꎬ E. pubigerumꎬ E. pin ̄       琴等ꎬ2008)ꎬ年需求量5 000 t 以上ꎬ逐渐步入大宗
   natumꎬ E. perralderianum)ꎮ 日本分布 5 种ꎬ其中朝           品种行列ꎬ在中医药产业中占有重要地位ꎮ 但淫羊
   鲜淫羊藿(E. koreanum)为中国、朝鲜和日本共同分                     藿主要来源的野生资源已出现较明显市场短缺问
   布ꎮ 前苏联远东地区和克什米尔地区分别特有分                            题(肖培根等ꎬ2009)ꎬ带来的后果是淫羊藿属其他
   布 E. macrosepalum 和 E. elatum(Stearnꎬ 2002ꎻ应俊     物种出现在市场ꎬ从而导致混乱ꎮ 调查显示ꎬ药材
   生ꎬ2002ꎻYing et al.ꎬ 2011)ꎬ其余约 85%的特有类             市场来源和饮片厂来源样品正确率分别为 64%和
   群分布于中国ꎮ 中国是淫羊藿属的现代分布中心                            84%(郭宝林等ꎬ2010)ꎬ无法保障临床用药的安全
   和多样性中心ꎬ也可能是该属的起源和分化中心ꎬ                            有效和稳定可控ꎮ
   包括了从原始到进化的连续演化过程ꎬ且仍处于剧                                植物分类学是植物学及相关学科研究的基础ꎬ
   烈分化中(Stearnꎬ 2002)ꎮ                               与中医药产业、植物资源和生态环境等领域密切相
       无论是在植物学还是中药学领域ꎬ淫羊藿属都                          关ꎬ关系国家战略决策ꎮ 任何植物相关研究开始
   是一 个 值 得 关 注 的 属 ( Stearnꎬ 2002ꎻ Wu et al.ꎬ       时ꎬ都必须首先对研究植物的学名(botanical name)
   2003ꎻ徐艳琴等ꎬ2008ꎻ Xu et al.ꎬ 2019)ꎮ 淫羊 藿            进行 准 确 鉴 定 ( 王 文 采ꎬ 2008ꎻ Viscosi & Cardiniꎬ
   (Herba Epimedii) 是我国传统中药( 国家药典委员                  2011)ꎮ 但淫羊藿属植物形态特征变异极为复杂ꎬ
   会ꎬ2015)ꎮ 淫羊藿始载于«神农本草经»ꎬ已有两千                       种间界限模糊不清ꎬ种内/ 种间形态变异幅度很难
   多年的历史ꎬ为历版«中华人民共和国药典»收载品                           把握ꎬ属下分类和种的界定十分困难( 徐艳琴等ꎬ
   种ꎮ 其主要用于治疗肾阳虚衰、风湿痹痛和麻木拘                           2014aꎬbꎻ刘少雄等ꎬ2016ꎻLiu et al.ꎬ 2017ꎻXu et al.ꎬ
   挛等症(国家药典委员会ꎬ2015)ꎬ且在助孕、抗骨质                        2019)ꎮ 自 1975 年以来ꎬ有较多分类相关研究关注
   疏松、控制糖尿病、提高免疫力和抑制肿瘤等方面                            本属ꎮ 从经典形态分类(Stearnꎬ1993aꎬbꎬ 2002ꎻ应
   功效明显(Kim et al.ꎬ 2017ꎻChoi et al.ꎬ 2019)ꎮ 我       俊生ꎬ 1975ꎬ 2002) 或 辅 以 化 学 分 类 ( 郭 宝 林 等ꎬ
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