Page 141 - 《广西植物》2023年第9期
P. 141

9 期                陈圣天等: 2015—2020 年间海南热带雨林国家公园景观格局变化                                     1 6 8 9

                 cover data from the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park between 2015 and 2020 to develop a landscape pattern
                 distribution system based on actual ecological situations. Other elements that affected the evolution of the landscape
                 pattern in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park included policiesꎬ climate and other natural and human factors. The
                 results were as follows: (1) The overall landscape fragmentation of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park reduced
                 from 2015 to 2020ꎬ increasing spatial agglomeration of the landscapeꎬ decreasing integrated dynamic attitudeꎬ and
                 generally steady development of landscape patterns. ( 2) The area of evergreen broad ̄leaved forest in the tropical
                                                                 2
                 rainforest increased in five yearsꎬ with an increase of 531.38 km ꎬ a decrease in fragmentationꎬ and a positive growth
                 trendꎬ and the landscape tends to be concentrated in patchesꎻ on the other handꎬ the area of needle ̄leaved forest and
                                                             2             2
                 shrubwood significantly reducedꎬ with losses of 189. 53 km and 294. 74 km respectivelyꎻ there was also a partial
                 transformation of waterꎬ and the area of the water landscape had been somewhat reducedꎬ and the patches tended to be
                 concentrated and spreadꎻ the remainder of the landscape patterns accounted for a relatively modest amountꎬ and
                 developed and changed in the direction of natural succession. (3) The landscape pattern evolution of Hainan Tropical
                 Rainforest National Park was primarily based on natural succession of the rainforestꎬ followed by a comprehensive impact
                 of policyꎬ climate and other factorsꎬ which reduced human factors on the tropical rainforest landscape interference and
                 was conducive to improving the rainforest ecosystems self ̄healing capacity. To summarizeꎬ the landscape pattern of
                 Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park has been stable since the commencement of the pilot projectꎬ and policy
                 direction has played an essential constructive role. The targeted conservation and restoration of the tropical rainforest
                 landscape will help to the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Parks sustainable development.
                 Key words: landscape patternꎬ evolutionꎬ Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Parkꎬ influencing factorsꎬ nature
                 conservation land



                景观格局是大小形状各异的景观嵌块体在空                            程探讨景观格局时空演变特征ꎮ 但是ꎬ由于热带
            间上的排列情况ꎬ既是景观异质性的具体表现ꎬ又                             雨林的自身复杂性以及深入调查的困难性ꎬ现有
            反映了自然和人为因素在时空上的共同作用结果                              研究中对热带雨林地区的景观演变研究较少ꎮ
            (McGarigal et al.ꎬ 2018ꎻ 曹嘉铄等ꎬ2021)ꎮ 城镇                2018 年ꎬ习近平总书记在“413” 重要讲话中
            化活动频繁、全球气候变化等是影响全球景观变                              强调ꎬ“要积极开展国家公园体制试点ꎬ建设热带雨

            化的 重 要 驱 动 因 素 之 一 ( Plieninger & Bielingꎬ         林等国家公园ꎬ构建归属清晰、权责明确、监管有效
            2012)ꎮ 随着时间的推移ꎬ人类加速环境变化ꎬ生                          的自然保护地体系ꎮ”目前ꎬ我国对国家公园的研究
            态景观趋于破碎化发展ꎬ一旦超出其所能承受的                              尚在起步阶段ꎬ主要侧重于管理体制的建立、法律
            限度ꎬ生态系统的各项生态功能及自我修复力将                              机制的完善等方面(黄宝荣等ꎬ2018)ꎬ仍存在一些
            显著降低(Beller et al.ꎬ 2019)ꎬ土壤质量下降、生                 尚未解决的问题和困难(臧振华等ꎬ2020)ꎮ 因此ꎬ

            物多样 性 丧 失 等 问 题 层 出 不 穷 ( Scheffer et al.ꎬ         借鉴国内外优秀经验ꎬ对国家公园景观格局破碎化
            2015ꎻ Li et al.ꎬ 2020ꎻ Zhang et al.ꎬ 2020)ꎮ 加强     程度 展 开 细 致 评 估 ( Muhammed & Eliasꎬ 2021ꎻ
            景观格局时空变化规律的研究ꎬ广泛开展景观变                              Zhang et al.ꎬ 2022)ꎬ对维护典型生态系统的完整性
            化监测和保护ꎬ对维护区域生态安全具有重要意                              至关重要ꎮ 海南热带雨林国家公园于 2021 年 10 月

            义(Manolaki et al.ꎬ 2021)ꎮ                          12 日入选我国第一批国家公园ꎮ 早前研究主要侧
                 随着遥感技术和地理信息系统的发展ꎬ众多                           重于群落植物组成及多样性变化格局(Chen et al.ꎬ
            学者运用景观格局指数等方法定量描述和监测景                              2014ꎻ Liu et al.ꎬ 2020)ꎬ景观格局研究对象主要为
            观结 构 的 变 化 特 征 ( Turner & Ruscherꎬ 1988ꎻ           各国家 级 自 然 保 护 区 或 主 要 林 区 ( Lan et al.ꎬ
            Szilassi et al.ꎬ 2017)ꎬ分析影响景观变化的驱动机                2020)ꎬ对土地利用结构及景观格局进行监测ꎬ宏观
            制( Tzanopoulos & Vogiatzakisꎬ 2011ꎻ You et al.ꎬ    把握林地动态演变规律 ( 肖智等ꎬ2010ꎻ 刘晓双ꎬ
            2023)ꎬ抑或借助 CLUE 模型进行多层次、多尺度                        2010ꎻ 宋晓丽等ꎬ2013)ꎬ运用空间分析等方法探究
            的土地利用动态变化模拟(Das et al.ꎬ 2019)ꎬ全过                   保护区景观脆弱性(韦庆高和孟伟ꎬ2015)ꎬ亦有学
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