Page 42 - 《广西植物》2024年第5期
P. 42
8 3 0 广 西 植 物 44 卷
( 1. College of Forestryꎬ Guangxi Universityꎬ Nanningꎬ 530004ꎬ Chinaꎻ 2. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservationꎬ College
of Forestryꎬ Guangxi Universityꎬ Nanningꎬ 530004ꎬ Chinaꎻ 3. Laibin Jinxiu Dayaoshan Forest Ecosystems Observation and Research Station of
Guangxiꎬ Laibin 546100ꎬ Guangxiꎬ Chinaꎻ 4. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Forestry Research Instituteꎬ Nanningꎬ 530002ꎬ Chinaꎻ
5. Fangchenggang Shiwandashan National Nature Reserve Administration Bureauꎬ Fanagchenggangꎬ Guangxiꎬ 538000ꎬ China )
Abstract: Shiwandashan is one of the hotspots of biodiversity in Guangxiꎬ and its main vegetation type is mountain
evergreen broad ̄leaved forest. In order to understand the current community status and the development status of
dominant species population structure of mountain evergreen broad ̄leaved forests in the regionꎬ this study was conducted
2
in a fixed monitoring sample plot of 1 hm established within the evergreen broad ̄leaved forest community in the
Shiwandashan. Woody plants with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 1 cm in the sample plot community were used as
the research objects to analyze their species compositionsꎬ diameter class structuresꎬ tree height structuresꎬ and the
spatial distribution patterns of dominant species using the g(r) function. The results were as follows : (1) There were
7 517 woody plants with DBH ≥ 1 cm in the communityꎬ belonging to 52 familiesꎬ 108 genera and 153 species. The
dominant species in the community were Clethra delavayiꎬ Schima argenteaꎬ Hartia villosaꎬ Castanopsis hystrixꎬ
Engelhardtia roxburghianaꎬ Ardisia quinquegonaꎬ Itea chinensisꎬ Symplocos adenophyllaꎬ Eurya subintegraꎬ Ilex
pubescensꎬ but the dominant position of dominant species was not obvious. ( 2) The overall average DBH of the
community was 5.51 cmꎬ and the distribution of diameter class and tree height was approximately an inverted “ J”
shape. The diameter class distribution of dominant species was mostly an inverted “J” or “L” shapeꎬ and the community
had a large number of small and medium ̄sized diameter class standing treesꎬ indicating a strong self ̄renewal ability of
the community. (3) Dominant species coexisted stably in the communityꎻ the dominant species exhibited aggregated
distribution in the sample plotꎬ but there were differences in the location of aggregated distribution among dominant
species. Overallꎬ the community is currently in a good state of renewalꎬ with the existence of dominant species in the top
level community. Howeverꎬ the community has certain secondary characteristics and has not yet reached a stable top
level community state. The dominant species can coexist stably and have the potential to inherit towards a stable top level
community. Thereforeꎬ it is necessary to continue to strengthen management and promote the renewal and survival of the
evergreen broad ̄leaved forest community in the Shiwandashan areas.
Key words: mountain evergreen broad ̄leaved forestꎬ species compositionꎬ diameter class structureꎬ spatial
distribution pattern
森林是陆地生态系统的主体ꎬ植物群落是森 动态变化与演替趋势(Kubota et al.ꎬ 2007)ꎮ 群落
林生态系统的生产者ꎬ在维持系统稳定与发展上 物种组成、生物多样性及结构可以有效地反映一
的作 用 尤 为 重 要 ( 钱 海 源 等ꎬ 2018ꎻ 俞 月 凤 等ꎬ 个群落的稳定程度、种间关系和环境对物种生存
2019)ꎮ 植物群落两个最基本的特征是物种组成 与生长的影响(赵广东等ꎬ2021)ꎮ 因此ꎬ在研究物
和群落结构ꎮ 物种组成是群落形成的基础ꎬ年龄 种更新、群落演替和生物多样性维持等方面有重
结构可以判断种群更新能力、生长现状、种群动态 要作用ꎮ
和群落演替趋势ꎻ群落结构是群落更新状态体现 广西南部的十万大山地处北热带与南亚热带
的是不同个体之间的配置情况及与环境的相互关 交汇处ꎬ保存面积较大的常绿阔叶林ꎬ蕴含着丰富
系的反映( 赵广东等ꎬ2021)ꎮ 研究物种组成与群 的生物资源ꎬ是我国热带地区重要的基因库与水
落结构可以揭示物种多样性的形成与维持机制ꎬ 源涵养林(张德楠等ꎬ2016)ꎻ受海拔、土壤、气候、
为群落的时空动态格局变化提供理论依据( Loreau 水分条件等环境因子的综合影响ꎬ其植被类型复
et al.ꎬ 2001)ꎮ 种群空间分布格局是种群个体在 杂多样ꎬ有典型的季雨林、沟谷雨林ꎬ还有发生在
群落生境水平上的 分 布 或 配 置 状 况 ( Eduardo et 垂直带上的山地常绿阔叶林和山顶矮林ꎬ但由于
al.ꎬ 2016)ꎬ是群落结构与物种共存的关键ꎬ在一 长期的人为干扰ꎬ现存的常绿阔叶林多为次生林
定程度上解释了群落空间上的动态变化ꎬ反映了 (谭伟福等ꎬ2005)ꎮ 此前ꎬ关于十万大山的研究更