Page 6 - 《广西植物》2024年第5期
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Spatiotemporal dynamics of forest arbor layer along an
elevational gradient in southern Gaoligong Mountains
1ꎬ5ꎬ6 1ꎬ2 1ꎬ6 3 4
LUO Yahuang ꎬ MA Liangliang ꎬ GAO Lianming ꎬ WANG Xingjie ꎬ ZHAO Wei ꎬ
4∗
3
4
YANG Xingliang ꎬ MA Shaobin ꎬ SHI Xiaochun ꎬ LIU Jie 1ꎬ5∗
( 1. Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asiaꎬ Chinese Academy of Sciencesꎬ Kunming Institute of Botanyꎬ CASꎬ Kunming
650201ꎬ Chinaꎻ 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciencesꎬ Beijing 100049ꎬ Chinaꎻ 3. School of Life Sciencesꎬ Yunnan Universityꎬ Kunming
650091ꎬ Chinaꎻ 4. Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve Baoshan Bureauꎬ Baoshan 678000ꎬ Yunnanꎬ Chinaꎻ 5. The Germplasm Bank of
Wild Speciesꎬ Kunming Institute of Botanyꎬ Chinese Academy of Sciencesꎬ Kunming 650201ꎬ Chinaꎻ 6. Lijiang National Field Station
of Forest Ecosystem Researchꎬ Kunming Institute of Botanyꎬ Chinese Academy of Sciencesꎬ Lijiang 674100ꎬ Yunnanꎬ China )
Abstract: A better understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics of species composition and biodiversity provides
significant insights into the distribution patterns of biodiversity and the prediction of biodiversity fate in a global change
context. Howeverꎬ how species and phylogenetic diversity change along elevational gradient with temporal scale in mountain
ecosystems is still unknown. In this studyꎬ we used census data (2004ꎬ 2008 and 2013) of an elevational transect
(elevational range 960 - 2 878 m) covering eastern and western slopes of Gaoligong Mountainsꎬ SW Chinaꎬ to investigate
the spatiotemporal dynamics of forest arbor layer (DBH≥5 cm) species compositionꎬ species diversity and phylogenetic
diversity. The results were as follows: (1) Species diversity was hump ̄shaped along the elevational gradientꎬ while the
phylogenetic diversity increased with increasing elevation. Clustering phylogenetic structure was observed at low elevationsꎬ
and over dispersed or random structure was detected at high elevations. (2) Overallꎬ temporal species and phylogenetic beta
diversity analysis showed no significant difference among these three investigation time points. Howeverꎬ we found a higher
clustering of phylogenetic structure along the temporal scale. (3) Spatial beta diversity showed that there was a significant
loss of species at low elevations (960 - 1 381 m) on the eastern slopeꎬ where the vegetation had been disturbed or
completely converted into farmland. The main lost species including Terminalia chebulaꎬ Quercus acutissimaꎬ Pistacia
weinmanniifoliaꎬ Hovenia acerba and Ilex wattii. In contrastꎬ the change in the western slope was mild at low elevationsꎬ
only observing species abundance increasingꎬ which including Cyclobalanopsis oxyodonꎬ Symplocos chinensisꎬ and Taiwania
cryptomerioides. Thereforeꎬ we speculated that the dynamic changes in species and phylogenetic diversity of the arbor layer
of subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest might be related to communities succession process and climatic change in middle
and high elevationsꎬ while the communities at low elevations were seriously impacted by human activities in Gaoligong
Mountains. The results deepen the understanding of the mechanisms of plant community dynamics in Gaoligong Mountainsꎬ
and provide new insights to guide precise conservation strategies in the region.
Key words: community dynamicꎬ elevational gradientꎬ Gaoligong Mountainsꎬ species diversityꎬ phylogenetic diversityꎬ
spatiotemporal scale
森林在全球碳汇、气候调节、生物多样性保护 理论价值和实践指导 (McDowell et al.ꎬ 2020ꎻ 丁晖
等方面具有重要的生态系统功能和服务( Liang et 等ꎬ2021)ꎮ 尽管森林群落多样性的动态变化和背
al.ꎬ 2016ꎻ Hisano et al.ꎬ 2018)ꎮ 在气候变暖和人类 后的生态学机制对林业管理和多样性保护策略制
活动等全球变化背景下ꎬ森林生态系统的多样性受 定具有重要意义ꎬ但是研究群落的动态变化需要多
到威胁ꎬ森林群落结构和多样性将发生剧烈变化 年持续的样方监测数据ꎬ目前还相对匮乏ꎮ
( Freeman et al.ꎬ 2018ꎻ Esquivel ̄Muelbert et al.ꎬ 山地生态系统中ꎬ生物多样性沿海拔梯度的
2019ꎻ Salick et al.ꎬ 2019)ꎮ 从植物群落物种组成和 分布模式及其成因一直是生态学家关注的热点问
多样性变化的角度研究森林群落的动态变化ꎬ在森 题 之 一 ( Peters et al.ꎬ 2019ꎻ Rahbek et al.ꎬ
林生态系统的保护和恢复过程中可以提供重要的 2019)ꎮ 多样性沿海拔梯度的分布规律受到区域