Page 31 - 《广西植物》2025年第11期
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11 期                张金梦等: 中国外来植物的物种组成、区系特征及影响因素分析                                         1 9 7 5

                 Abstract: China is one of the countries most severely affected and imperiled by biological invasions. Mastering the species
                 compositionꎬ floristic characteristicsꎬ and influencing factors of alien plants on a national scale is paramount to mitigating
                 the risk of alien plant invasion and bolstering preventive measures. Based on “The Dataset of Alien Plants in China”ꎬ this
                 paper statistically analyzed the species compositionꎬ life formꎬ floristic componentꎬ and so on. Furthermoreꎬ it employed
                 correlation analysis and a stepwise regression model to deeply explore the association mechanism of alien plants from socio ̄
                 economic indicators and ecological factors. The results were as follows: (1) The existing alien plants in China belonging to
                 large families (99 familiesꎬ encompassing 13 741 species) and large genera (205 generaꎬ with 7 199 species) significantly
                 contributed 93.41% and 48.94% to the total species numberꎬ respectively. Regarding life form compositionꎬ herbaceous
                 plants dominated the alien plants in Chinaꎬ comprising 59.82% of the total species. (2) Nationallyꎬ tropical component
                 families held a significant advantageꎬ accounting for 52.647% of the total familiesꎬ followed by temperate component families
                 (21.553%) and cosmopolitan families (20.495%). (3) The distribution pattern of the total number of alien plants was
                 consistent with that of their floristic componentsꎬ that isꎬ the total number of alien plants and their floristic components were
                 most abundant in the eastern coastal and southwestern regionsꎬ gradually decreasing inland in China. Notablyꎬ cosmopolitan
                 and temperate families were more prevalent in northern regionsꎬ whereas tropical families dominated southern regions. (4)
                 Correlation analysis underscored a significant positive correlation between the number of alien species and the number of
                 alien invasive species within the same family. Socio ̄economic factors and climate conditions of various provinces and cities
                 jointly determined the spatial distribution pattern of alien plants and floristic component family numbers in China. Howeverꎬ
                 the proportion of each floristic component was mainly influenced by heat conditions (annual average temperature). In
                 conclusionꎬ in the futureꎬ China should vigorously strengthen the introduction assessment and supervision of alien plantsꎬ
                 particularly the herbaceous plants of large families and genera with tropical characteristics and cosmopolitan distributions.
                 Key words: alien plantsꎬ floristic componentꎬ species compositionꎬ plant diversityꎬ distribution pattern



                外来物种( alien species) 是指出现在自然分                  国经济快速发展和全球经济一体化进程的加快ꎬ
            布范围及潜在扩散范围以外的种、亚种或其他可                              成为遭受外来物种入侵危害和威胁最严重的国
            繁殖的 单 元ꎬ 是 相 对 一 定 区 域 内 本 土 植 物 而 言               家之一ꎮ

            ( Chen et al.ꎬ 2021ꎻ 林秦文等ꎬ 2022ꎻ 刘艳杰等ꎬ                 经济全球化和气候变化正在促进和加剧外来
            2022) ꎮ 当大量外来物种通过有意或无意的人类                          入侵物种的传播(Fonseca et al.ꎬ 2019ꎻ Li & Shenꎬ
            活动被引入到新的区域ꎬ在自然或半自然生态系                              2020ꎻ Finch et al.ꎬ 2021)ꎬ新的外来物种的引进持
            统中生长繁殖并在经济上、生态上或环境上对引                              续增加ꎬ但增长趋势因生物类群和地理区域而异
            进地 造 成 不 利 影 响 时ꎬ 被 称 为 外 来 入 侵 物 种                (Pyšek et al.ꎬ 2020)ꎮ 在中国已确定的 660 多种

            ( alien invasive species) ( Richardson et al.ꎬ 2000ꎻ  外来入侵物种中ꎬ90% 以上都是由人类有意引进
            Pyšek et al.ꎬ 2020ꎻ Chen et al.ꎬ 2022) ꎮ 在过去       或无意带入( Chen et al.ꎬ 2022)ꎬ自然传播的情况
            几十年间 ( 1970—2017) ꎬ 世 界 各 国 为 防 控 外 来              非常少ꎮ 生境破碎化及自然生态系统的破坏加剧
            物种入侵每年的保守经济成本超数千亿美元ꎬ并                              了外来物种入侵的强度ꎬ导致我国未来面临的生
            且呈上升趋势( Diagne et al.ꎬ 2021) ꎮ 其中ꎬ外来               物入侵趋势更加严峻( Pyšek et al.ꎬ 2017ꎻ Qin et
            植物入侵是当今全球生物入侵中数量和种类最                               al.ꎬ 2023)ꎮ 外来生物进入新地区后ꎬ新地区的气
            多的类 型ꎬ 造 成 直 接 经 济 损 失 达 1 004 亿 美 元               候条件、生境异质性等因素是该物种在新地区能
            ( 赵光华等ꎬ2024) ꎬ对各国的经济、生态、生物多                        否适应、生存、繁殖、扩散并造成入侵危害的关键
            样性及社会环境和人类生活安全造成严重威胁ꎬ                              ( Zhou et al.ꎬ 2020ꎻ Chen et al.ꎬ 2021ꎻ Chen et al.ꎬ
            被认为是 21 世纪最严重的生态威胁之一( Pyšek                        2022)ꎮ 有研究表明ꎬ气候(年均温和降水量) 因素
            et al.ꎬ 2020ꎻ 刘艳杰等ꎬ2022ꎻ Chen et al.ꎬ 2023ꎻ        和社会经济指标结合能更好地解释我国外来入侵
            Kripal & Chaehoꎬ 2023) ꎮ 中国地理位置特殊、地                植物的分布格局ꎬ气候温暖湿润且社会经济比较
            形复杂、气候多样、生物多样性丰富ꎬ同时随着中                             发达的东部沿海地区和西南地区比西部和北部地
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