Page 6 - 《广西植物》2025年第11期
P. 6

1 9 5 0                                广  西  植  物                                         45 卷
                       ( 1. Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plantsꎬ
                           Ministry of Education/ School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestryꎬ Hainan Universityꎬ Haikou 570228ꎬ
                              Chinaꎻ 2. Zhufeng Forestry Ecology Research Institute of Hainanꎬ Haikou 570220ꎬ China )


                 Abstract: Alternanthera philoxeroidesꎬ a globally invasive speciesꎬ poses a significant threat to local ecological
                 enviroment due to its rapid spread and adaptability to diverse environmental conditions. Hainan Tropical Rainforest
                 National Parkꎬ a critical area for biodiversity conservationꎬ is increasingly at risk from the spread of A.
                 philoxeroides. Thereforeꎬ accurately mapping its distribution and conducting dynamic monitoring are essential for effective
                 management. This study utilized field survey data and employed the “biomod2” package in the R programming language
                 to establish species distribution modelsꎬ analyzed the spatial distribution of A. philoxeroides in the national park under
                 current and future climate scenariosꎬ as well as key environmental factors influencing its habitat suitability. The results
                 were as follows: (1) The suitable areas for A. philoxeroides in the national park were categorized into lowꎬ moderateꎬ
                 highꎬ and very high suitability zones. Under current conditionꎬ the highly suitable area covered approximately 180.75
                   2
                 km ꎬ concentrated primarily in the Yinggelingꎬ Diaoluoshanꎬ and Limushan areas. (2) Among the various factors
                 influencing habitat suitabilityꎬ climatic variables were found to have the most significant impact on the distribution of
                 A. philoxeroides. Specificallyꎬ annual mean temperature range (bio7)ꎬ normalized difference vegetation index (ndvi)ꎬ
                 maximum temperature in the warmest month (bio5)ꎬ and precipitation of the warmest quarter (bio18) were identified as
                 the key factors influencing habitat suitability. (3) The trends in the total habitat suitability area of A. philoxeroides under
                 different future climate scenarios revealed two distinct patterns. In both scenariosꎬ the centroid of suitable habitat shifted
                 eastward. Under the high emissionꎬ extreme climate intensification scenario (SSP585)ꎬ the expansion of suitable habitat
                 was more rapid compared to the moderate sustainable development scenario (SSP126). In conclusionꎬ the potential
                 suitable habitat of A. philoxeroides under current climate condition is primarily located on the periphery of the national
                 parkꎻ howeverꎬ with the expected increase in global extreme climates and drastic environmental changes in the futureꎬ
                 the risk of its spread within the national park is significantly heightened. Thereforeꎬ continuous dynamic monitoring of
                 A. philoxeroides to track its invasion and spread trends is an important measure to effectively manage and prevent its
                 large ̄scale spread in the national park.
                 Key words: Biomod2 modelꎬ alien invasive plantsꎬ potential distributionꎬ environmental factorsꎬ national park



                入侵植物通常具有适应能力强、繁殖率高、生                           是我国生物多样性保护采取的直接保护措施之一
            态位广泛和传播途径多样等特征ꎬ对入侵生态系                              (蔡颖莉等ꎬ2024)ꎮ 自然保护地通常被认定为具

            统的结构与功能构成了严重威胁ꎮ 有研究表明ꎬ                             有较高的生物多样性ꎬ与保护区域生物多样性有
            入侵植物显著抑制了本地植物的生长ꎬ甚至可能                              着密不可分的联系ꎬ然而众多自然保护地正面临
            导致某些本地物种的灭绝( Rai & Singhꎬ 2020ꎻ张                   日益 严 峻 的 外 来 物 种 入 侵 风 险ꎮ 例 如: 宫 璐 等
            慧斌和张翼ꎬ2024)ꎮ 我国地域辽阔ꎬ地理和气候                          (2017)研究表明ꎬ已有 176 种入侵植物在我国 53
            环境复杂多样ꎬ多数外来物种在我国境内均有其                              个自然 保 护 区 分 布ꎬ 隶 属 于 43 个 科ꎻ 张 莹 璐 等
            适生区( 王运生ꎬ2007)ꎮ 随着中国经济的快速发                         (2023)研究表明ꎬ大熊猫国家公园中两个片区共

            展和全球化进程的加深ꎬ生物入侵问题日益严峻ꎬ                             有入侵植物 48 种ꎬ隶属于 17 科 37 属ꎮ 随着人为
            我国已成为世界上生物入侵最为严重的国家之一                              活动对保护区外围边界区域干扰加剧ꎬ物种入侵
            (吴甜等ꎬ2024)ꎮ 据«2020 中国生态环境状况公                       的可能性大幅提升ꎬ对于自然保护地的物种保护
            报»显示ꎬ我国外来入侵物种已超过 660 种ꎬ219 种                       造成了巨大的负面影响( 邵小明ꎬ2024)ꎮ 因此ꎬ对
            外来入侵物种在国家级自然保护区定殖( 中华人                             于自然保护地内入侵植物的潜在适生区域进行预
            民共和国生态环境部ꎬ2021)ꎮ 这些物种不仅入侵                          测研究ꎬ显得尤为迫切和重要ꎮ
            范围广、危害严重且种类数量还在逐年攀升( 焦鑫                                喜 旱 莲 子 草 ( Alternanthera philoxeroides ) 自
            宇等ꎬ2024)ꎮ 设立自然保护区、国家公园等方式                          2003 年被国家环保总局列入首批外来入侵物种名
   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10   11