Page 78 - 《广西植物》2025年第11期
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JIANG Chuan ꎬ CHEN Yuanyang ꎬ ZENG Xiaoling ꎬ CHEN Shujie ꎬ YANG Yana ꎬ
1ꎬ2ꎬ5 1 1∗
LIN Fangmei ꎬ JIN Yanqiang ꎬ LIU Chenggang
( 1. CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Useꎬ Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Gardenꎬ Chinese Academy of Sciencesꎬ
Mengla 666303ꎬ Yunnanꎬ Chinaꎻ 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciencesꎬ Beijing 100049ꎬ Chinaꎻ 3. School of Agricultureꎬ Yunnan
Universityꎬ Kunming 650504ꎬ Chinaꎻ 4. College of Tropical Cropsꎬ Yunnan Agricultural Universityꎬ Puer 665000ꎬ Yunnanꎬ Chinaꎻ
5. CAS Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystemsꎬ South
China Botanical Gardenꎬ Chinese Academy of Sciencesꎬ Guangzhou 510650ꎬ China )
Abstract: To explore the improvement function of fungus ̄growing termites as “ecosystem engineers” on soil quality in
tropical plantationsꎬ this study compared termite mound soils (top and base positions) with adjacent environment soils
from a mature rubber plantation in Xishuangbannaꎬ Southwest China. Seasonal variations in soil aggregate stability and
nutrient distribution within different aggregate sizes [megaaggregate ( >2 mm)ꎬ macroaggregate (0.25- 2 mm)ꎬ and
microaggregate (<0.25 mm)] were analyzed. The results were as follows: (1) The percentage of microaggregates at
mound tops increased significantly by 131.7% during dry season. During rainy seasonꎬ the percentage of megaaggregates
at mound tops and bases decreased significantly by 19. 6% and 26. 2%ꎬ respectivelyꎬ while the percentage of
macroaggregates increased by 27. 1% and 42. 6%. Compared to surrounding soilsꎬ mound soils exhibited reduced
aggregate stability in both seasons to a certain extent. (2) Mound soils significantly reduced moistureꎬ total phosphorusꎬ
and available phosphorus in each aggregate in both seasonsꎬ with average reductions of 38.2% and 19.1%ꎬ 15.3% and
18.0%ꎬ and 35.6% and 36.0% at the tops and basesꎬ respectively. The content of dissolved organic carbon was higher in
dry season than in wet seasonꎬ whereas ammonium nitrogen exhibited the opposite trend. (3) Mound soils generally
enriched total aluminumꎬ total ironꎬ and total potassium in each aggregate in both seasonsꎬ with average increases of
15.8% and 14.2%ꎬ 13.9% and 13.4%ꎬ and 9.7% and 9.1% at the tops and basesꎬ respectively. Dry ̄season aggregates
displayed significantly higher total copperꎬ zincꎬ and sulfur than rainy ̄season counterparts. (4) As aggregate size
decreasedꎬ the reduction in dissolved organic carbon content in mound soils reached as high as 72.7%ꎬ whereas the
increase in available phosphorus content was as high as 124.9%. In summaryꎬ the impact of fungus ̄growing termites
nesting on soil aggregate stability and nutrient elements in rubber plantations is governed by mound sampling location and
seasonal variationꎬ demonstrating strong spatiotemporal heterogeneity. The results of this study can provide theoretical
references for the ecological function positioning of termites in rubber plantations and the sustainable management of soil.
Key words: fungus ̄growing termiteꎬ aggregate stabilityꎬ seasonal dynamicsꎬ available phosphorusꎬ mineral element
白蚁作为全球热带-亚热带森林生态系统的 前人研究表明ꎬ培菌白蚁通过共生关系可实现巢
关键功能类群ꎬ其因环境改造能力被誉为“ 生态系 穴内养分的主动富集与转化(Jouquet et al.ꎬ 2018ꎻ
统工程师”ꎮ 全球现存白蚁种类约 3 000 种ꎬ分布 van Thuyne & Verrecchiaꎬ 2021ꎻ López ̄Hernándezꎬ
覆盖 2 / 3 的陆地面积( Asheon et al.ꎬ 2019ꎻLiu et 2023)ꎮ 此外ꎬ巢穴发育通过改变森林土壤水分、
al.ꎬ 2022)ꎮ 我国有 4 科 44 属 479 种ꎬ其中云南以 pH 及养分等的空间异质性ꎬ调控植物和微生物的
125 种成为分布中心( 程冬保等ꎬ2014ꎻ林小兵等ꎬ 群落结构及其生态功能( 李德成等ꎬ2003ꎻ李志强
2017)ꎮ 这类昆虫不仅是热带森林土壤动物生物 等ꎬ2015ꎻvan Thuyne & Verrecchiaꎬ 2021ꎻThant et
量的主体ꎬ而且其筑巢行为调控物质循环与能量 al.ꎬ 2025)ꎮ
流动(姜川等ꎬ2024)ꎮ 根据食性与筑巢行为的生 土壤团聚体作为表征土壤结构稳定性的关键
态功能分化ꎬ森林内白蚁可分为培菌白蚁和食土 指标ꎬ其粒径分布直接影响森林生态系统养分固
白蚁(Jouquet et al.ꎬ 2005ꎬ2016a)ꎮ 培菌白蚁主要 存、水分运移及抗侵蚀能力等生态功能( Deng et
通过与蚁巢伞属( Termitomyces) 真菌共生ꎬ高效降 al.ꎬ 2023ꎻ Lin et al.ꎬ 2024 )ꎮ Fall 等 ( 2004 ) 和
解植物木质纤维素( Jouquet et al.ꎬ 2022ꎬ2023)ꎮ Jouquet 等(2016a) 研究表明ꎬ白蚁筑巢期间可以

