Page 167 - 《广西植物》2025年第12期
P. 167
12 期 冯元元等: 20 种胡椒属植物叶表皮微形态特征及其分类学意义 2 3 0 9
Abstract: The genus Piper is characterized by a notable degree of interspecific morphological similarity coupled with
considerable intraspecific variationꎬ which presents significant challenges for accurate species classification. To address
taxonomic issues and explore the taxonomic significance of leaf epidermal micromorphological characteristics in Piper
species from Chinaꎬ this study systematically examined and compared the characteristics of Piper nigrum and 19 native
Piper species using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results were as follows: (1)
The leaf epidermal cells of most species were polygonal in shapeꎬ exhibiting straight ̄arched anticlinal walls. In contrastꎬ
only a few species displayed irregularly shaped epidermal cells with sinuolate anticlinal walls on the upper
epidermis. (2) Stomatal apparatus were exclusively located on the lower epidermis and could be classified into three
distinct types: anisocyticꎬ amphicyclocyticꎬ and the transitional type between these two categories. Size and density of
stomatal apparatus showed significant interspecific variationꎬ serving as auxiliary diagnostic features for species
differentiation. (3) The cuticular ornamentation was categorized into four main types: nearly smoothꎬ striateꎬ papillateꎬ
and micropapillate. These distinct patterns of ornamentation partially reflect the phylogenetic relationships among species
and provide valuable insights for the infrageneric classification within the genus Piper. (4) Trichomes were classified into
two broad categories: glandular and non ̄glandular types. The majority of species exhibited glandular trichomesꎬ while
non ̄glandular trichomes included both simple and branched types. A small number of species were glabrous. The
characteristics of trichomes were demonstrated to be critical and informative taxonomic criterion for interspecific
classification within Piper. (5) Based on the leaf epidermal micromorphological characteristics and other relevant traitsꎬ
the taxonomic status of certain species was re ̄evaluated. This study supported the recognition of P. thomsonii var.
microphyllum as a distinct species and rejected the synonymization of P. curtipedunculum with P. pedicellatum.
Additionallyꎬ it affirmed P. semi ̄transparens as a separate speciesꎬ while also confirming the close phylogenetic
relationship between P. flaviflorum and P. nigrum. The results of this study indicate the leaf epidermal
micromorphological characteristics provide an important basis for the classification of Piper.
Key words: leaf epidermisꎬ Piper L.ꎬ micromorphologyꎬ scanning electron microscopeꎬ taxonomy
胡 椒 属 ( Piper L.) 是 胡 椒 科 ( Piperaceae) 的 数为雌雄异株ꎬ花朵极小ꎬ花被严重退化ꎬ种间形
模式属ꎬ有超过 3 000 个物种ꎬ主要分布于全球热 态相似性高而种内变异复杂ꎬ这些特征显著增加
带地区低海拔雨林的林下生境中ꎬ生活型包括草 了物种分类难度ꎮ 从 19 世纪中期开始ꎬ一些植物
本、藤本、灌木和小乔木( Sen & Rengainꎬ 2022ꎻ 学家相继开展胡椒属分类研究ꎬ其中涉及一些产
Asmarayaniꎬ 2023) ꎮ 胡椒 属 兼 具 起 源 古 老 和 分 自中国的物种ꎬDe Candolle(1917) 发表了多个新
化快速的特点ꎬ极高的物种多样性使其成为基部 种ꎮ 据«中国植物志» ( 中国植物志编辑委员会ꎬ
被子植物中最大的属之一ꎬ为探究基部被子植物 1982)记载ꎬ我国胡椒属植物共 60 种(含 2 个引种
的分化机制提供了典型案例( Soltis et al.ꎬ 1999ꎻ 栽培种)和 4 变种ꎬ该书参考 Miquel & De Candolle
Frodinꎬ 2004) ꎮ 胡椒属 植 株 具 有 特 殊 的 辛 辣 味 的胡椒属分类系统ꎬ依据花的性别及苞片类型将
和香气ꎬ酰胺生物碱、木脂素和新木脂素等次生 其划分为单性花的胡椒亚属和两性花的仁盈亚
代谢物质丰富ꎬ可以用作调味料和药材ꎬ如“ 香料 属ꎮ 此后ꎬGilbert 和 Xia(1999)基于标本馆馆藏标
之王” 胡 椒、 世 界 著 名 药 用 植 物 卡 瓦 胡 椒 ( P. 本对我国胡椒属植物进行了系统修订ꎬ确认 60 种
methysticum) 等 ( Hu et al.ꎬ 2019ꎻ Soares et al.ꎬ (含 2 个引种栽培种) 和 5 变种ꎮ 此后ꎬ国内外学
2022) ꎮ 者陆续发表了中国胡椒属新种(Yang et al.ꎬ 2017ꎻ
我国地 跨 热 带、亚 热 带 和 温 带ꎬ气 候 类 型 丰 Hao et al.ꎬ 2020ꎻ Su et al.ꎬ 2022ꎬ 2024)ꎮ 目前ꎬ
富ꎬ地形地貌复杂多变ꎬ是胡椒属植物的北缘过渡 中国胡椒属仍存在较多亟待解决的分类学问题ꎮ
带及重要分布区域ꎬ大多数国产胡椒属物种的分 叶表皮微形态在植物属种间分类、种间亲缘
布范围狭窄、海拔跨度小ꎬ具有明显的地域性和特 关系探讨等方面具有重要意义ꎬ已经被应用于许
有性(郝朝运等ꎬ2012)ꎮ 中国胡椒属植物绝大多 多植物类群的分类研究中ꎮ 例如ꎬ对花楸属 12 种

