Page 121 - 《广西植物》2025年第3期
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3 期 王思雨等: 未来气候变化情景下中国植物物种地理分布变化趋势研究进展 5 0 1
( Key Laboratory of Regional Ecological Process and Function Assessment for Environmental Protectionꎬ Institute
of Ecologyꎬ Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciencesꎬ Beijing 100012ꎬ China )
Abstract: Identifying the impacts of climate change on the geographical distribution of plant species is crucial for
biodiversity conservation and adaptation to climate change. Hereꎬ 220 literatures published since 2010 on geographical
distribution changes of plant species under future climate change scenarios in China were collectedꎬ and the research
progress on the changes in geographical distribution ranges of plant species under future climate change scenarios was
reviewedꎬ problems and deficiencies were discussedꎬ and future research directions were suggested. The results were as
follows: (1) Since 2010ꎬ geographical distribution changes of 1 058 plant species in China under future climate change
scenarios were analyzedꎬ in which there were only 636 plant species with clear information of changes in their
geographical distribution under future climate change scenarios. (2) Among 518 species of angiospermsꎬ 195 species
showed an increasing trend and 245 species showed a decreasing trend for geographical distribution ranges under the
future climate change scenariosꎻ among 57 gymnospermsꎬ 12 species showed an increasing trend and 38 species showed a
decreasing trend for geographical distribution rangesꎻ the distribution range of 1 species of pteridophyte showed an
increasing trendꎻ among the 60 species of bryophytesꎬ 53 species showed a decreasing trend and 7 species showed an
increasing trend for geographical distribution rangesꎻ the geographical distribution ranges of other plant species were
characterized by inconsistent changes or lack of change information. (3) Under the climate change scenariosꎬ 137 plant
species would migrate to the Northwestꎬ North Chinaꎬ and Northeast regionsꎬ 19 species would migrate to high latitude
and high altitude regionsꎬ 125 species would move only to high latitudeꎬ and other plant species showed different
directions or local migration information. (4) Under the future climate change scenariosꎬ about 32 angiospermsꎬ 42
gymnosperms and 48 bryophytes species would face the risk of total loss of their geographical distribution ranges with the
probability of greater than 0.6ꎬ while about 57 angiosperms and 96 gymnosperms would face the risk of total loss of their
geographical distribution ranges without considering the probability. Research deficiencies include: ① Number of plant
species studied was still inadequateꎻ ② The selection of climate change scenarios and models was singleꎻ ③ The lack of
comprehensive consideration of climate and other environmental factors and the comparative study of multiple modelsꎻ ④
The lack of systematic risk analysis of the loss of plant geographical distribution ranges under future climate change
scenarios. In conclusionꎬ in the futureꎬ while enriching the study on geographical distributions under future climate
change scenarios for many plant speciesꎬ it is necessary to strengthen the use of multiple climate change scenariosꎬ
develop niche models suitable for Chinas regional conditionsꎬ carry out comparative studies on geographical distribution
changes of various plant species under different climate change scenariosꎬ and strengthen the analysis of the risk of loss
of plant geographical distribution ranges under future climate change scenarios.
Key words: climatic changeꎬ plant speciesꎬ geographical distributionꎬ impactsꎬ risk
气候是影响植物地理分布格局的最主要因素 (SSP1 ̄1.9) 将升高 1.0 ~ 1.8 ℃ ꎬ在中等排放情景
(Woodwardꎬ 1987)ꎮ 气 候 变 化 已 成 为 不 争 的 事 下(SSP2 ̄4.5) 将升高 2.1 ~ 3.5 ℃ ꎬ在极高排放情
实ꎮ 气候变化及其影响是生物多样性保护面临的 景下 ( SSP5 ̄8. 5 ) 将 升 高 3. 3 ~ 5. 7 ℃ ( Masson ̄
巨大挑战ꎮ 植物地理分布直接影响着植物的生 Delmotte et al.ꎬ 2021)ꎮ 随着气候变化ꎬ植物的地
存、繁殖和种间关系ꎬ以及植被的分布、组成和生 理分布格局发生改变( Kosanic et al.ꎬ 2018)ꎬ并且
态系统及生物多样性的结构与功能( Woodwardꎬ 气候 变 化 加 剧 下 植 物 适 宜 分 布 的 气 候 空 间
1987)ꎮ 在联 合 国 政 府 间 气 候 变 化 专 门 委 员 会 (climate space)将可能丧失(Pörtner et al.ꎬ 2022)ꎮ
(IPCC)第 6 次评估报告中明确指出ꎬ全球地表气 IPCC«全球变暖 1.5 ℃ » 报告指出ꎬ在全球增暖水
温在 2011—2020 年比 1850—1900 年已高出 1. 1 平达到 1.5 ℃ ꎬ评估过的 73 224 种植物中气候适
℃ (Masson ̄Delmotte et al.ꎬ 2021)ꎬ在 2081—2100 宜空间丧失一半的种数约为 8%ꎻ若全球增暖水平
年全球地表平均气温在温室气体极低排放情景下 超过 2 ℃ ꎬ73 224 种植物中气候适宜空间丧失一

