Page 59 - 《广西植物》2025年第3期
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3 期 朱荣香等: 基于 CRISPR / Cas9 的猕猴桃性状改良: 精准育种策略与挑战 4 3 9
( 1. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilizationꎬ Guangxi Institute of Botanyꎬ
Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciencesꎬ Guilin 541006ꎬ Guangxiꎬ Chinaꎻ
2. Guilin Agricultural Science Research Centerꎬ Guilin 541006ꎬ Guangxiꎬ China )
Abstract: The rapid advancement of gene editing technologies has revolutionized precision breeding in kiwifruit
(Actinidia spp.). This review systematically summarizes the multidimensional applicationsꎬ strategiesꎬ and challenges of
CRISPR/ Cas9 technology in kiwifruit trait improvement. Leveraging high ̄quality genomic resourcesꎬ such as the
telomere ̄to ̄telomere gapless reference genome of A. chinensisꎬ and efficient genetic transformation systems like marker ̄
free Agrobacterium ̄mediated methodsꎬ researchers have achieved breakthroughs in fruit qualityꎬ disease resistanceꎬ and
plant architecture regulation. Key advancements include: targeted editing of AcNAC1ꎬ bZIP and MYB/ bHLH complexes
to reduce citrate contentꎬ enhance vitamin C biosynthesisꎬ and optimize anthocyanin accumulationꎻ a host ̄pathogen
dual ̄targeting strategy that strengthens the AcCBL3 ̄mediated calcium oxalate barrier and disrupts the hopAI1 virulence
gene in pathogensꎬ significantly improving disease resistanceꎻ and knockout of CEN ̄like and AcFLC ̄like genes to develop
compact plant architecture and non ̄cold ̄independent budbreak germplasms. Postharvest studies have elucidated
synergistic regulatory networks between ethylene signaling and cell wall hydrolasesꎬ offering molecular targets for shelf ̄
life extension. Despite challenges such as polyploid editing complexity and transgenic regulatory controversiesꎬ the
integration of multi ̄omics and synthetic biology tools is advancing kiwifruit breeding from single ̄gene manipulation to
metabolic pathway reprogramming. With global regulatory relaxation for foreign DNA ̄free edited varietiesꎬ CRISPR/
Cas9 ̄based molecular design breeding will usher in an important opportunity period of industrial development. In
additionꎬ this review further outlines technical optimization pathways and future research prioritiesꎬ providing a
theoretical framework for accelerating the breakthrough breeding of kiwifruit cultivars.
Key words: kiwifruit breedingꎬ CRISPR/ Cas9 gene editingꎬ whole genome sequencingꎬ molecular design breedingꎬ
fruit quality improvement
猕猴桃( Actinidia spp.) 作为典型的多年生藤 西、澳大利亚等 14 个国家已明确对无外源 DNA 的
本果树ꎬ其果实因独特的风味特征和突出的营养 编辑植株实施与传统育种品种等同的监管政策
价值而成为全球重要的商品化水果ꎮ 然而ꎬ猕猴 (Entine et al.ꎬ 2021)ꎬ这为猕猴桃分子设计育种的
桃的遗传改良长期面临多种生物学挑战:其一ꎬ高 产业化提供了制度保障ꎮ
度杂合的基因组特性( 染色体基数 x = 29ꎬ存在二 当前研究急需解决的核心科学问题在于:建
倍体至十倍体种质) 导致性状遗传规律复杂( Han 立适配猕猴桃生物学特性的基因编辑技术体系ꎬ
et al.ꎬ 2023ꎻ Yu et al.ꎬ 2025)ꎻ其二ꎬ童期长达 3 解析复杂农艺性状的分子调控网络ꎬ以及实现多
年至 6 年ꎬ显著延缓育种进程( Ferguson & Huangꎬ 性状 协 同 改 良 的 精 准 设 计ꎮ 本 文 系 统 综 述
2007)ꎻ其三ꎬ溃疡病等生物胁迫与气候变化导致 CRISPR / Cas9 技术在猕猴桃育种中的最新研究进
的非生 物 胁 迫 交 互 影 响ꎬ 威 胁 产 业 可 持 续 发 展 展ꎬ重点探讨基因组资源建设、性状改良策略和技
(Gao et al.ꎬ 2025)ꎮ 虽然传统杂交育种已取得系 术转化路径之间的协同关系ꎮ 通过整合多组学数
列成果ꎬ但由于种质资源匮乏和表型选择效率低 据与合成生物学工具ꎬ揭示从基因编辑到表型输
下ꎬ因此难以满足市场对果实品质、抗逆性和栽培 出的调控规律ꎬ为加速猕猴桃突破性品种选育提
适应性的多维需求ꎮ 基因编辑技术的突破为果树 供理论框架和技术路线ꎮ
育种提供了跨越式发展机遇ꎮ CRISPR / Cas9 系统
凭借其精准性、高效性和多靶点编辑能力ꎬ在木本 1 CRISPR / Cas9 技 术 演 进 及 其 在
作物中展现出独特优势:通过靶向关键功能基因
可实现性状的定向改良ꎬ同时避免外源基因插入 果树中的适用性
引发的生物安全争议ꎮ 全球主要农业国家加速建
立基因编辑作物的分类管理制度ꎬ其中日本、巴 CRISPR / Cas9 技术起源于细菌和古细菌的适

