Page 155 - 《广西植物》2026年第1期
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1 期 王晚双等: 迁地条件下诗琳通含笑开花生物学及繁育特性 1 5 1
( 1. Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plantsꎬ Ministry of Educationꎬ College
of Tropical Agriculture and Forestryꎬ Hainan Universityꎬ Haikou 570228ꎬ Chinaꎻ 2. Key Laboratory of Biology of Flower Resources of Hainan
Provinceꎬ Haikou 570228ꎬ Chinaꎻ 3. South China Botanical Gardenꎬ Chinese Academy of Sciencesꎬ Guangzhou 510650ꎬ Chinaꎻ
4. Palm Ecological Town Development Co.ꎬ Ltd.ꎬ Zhengzhou 450000ꎬ Chinaꎻ 5. Hainan Tianxiang Magnolia Plant
Conservation Research Centerꎬ Danzhou 571722ꎬ Hainanꎬ China )
Abstract: To investigate the flowering and reproductive characteristics of Michelia sirindhorniae under ex situ
conservation conditionsꎬ to clarify the reasons for the low seed setting rate in its natural stateꎬ and to promote the
sustainable utilization of germplasm resourcesꎬ this study conducted systematic observations on floral morphological
characteristicsꎬ flowering phenology dynamicꎬ and pollinator behavior of cultivated M. sirindhorniae from 2023 to 2024ꎬ
and analyzed the variation patterns of pollen viability and stigma receptivity at different flowering stagesꎬ and
systematically evaluated stigma activity and pollination compatibility through controlled pollination experiments. The
results were as follows: (1) The flowering period of M. sirindhorniae mainly concentrated from late April to mid ̄late
Mayꎬ with some individuals exhibiting a secondary flowering phenomenon from October to December. (2) The lifespan of
individual flower was 3-4 dꎬ progressing through seven consecutive developmental stages: green bud stageꎬ yellow bud
stageꎬ white bud stageꎬ initial opening stageꎬ full blooming stageꎬ withering stageꎬ and young fruit stage. The tepal
unfolding process exhibited a significant temporal rhythmꎬ primarily completing unfolding between 5:00-7:00 amꎬ with
its posture influenced by environmental factors. (3) The pistil matured before the stamenꎬ with the stigma receptivity
being optimal during the white bud stage. Anthers dehisced during the full blooming stageꎬ and the in vitro pollen
germination rate was 65.30%. (4) The main flower ̄visiting insects were Polyrhachis divesꎬ Thysanoptera sp.ꎬ Apis
mellifera ligustica. Howeverꎬ observations of insect behavior and the fruit set of visited flowers indicated that the
pollination behavior of these insects was ineffective. (5) Paraffin sectioning of flower buds revealed severe abortion
during microspore development: premature disintegration of the tapetum led to a tetrad abortion rate as high as 85.55%ꎻ
at the unicellular stageꎬ approximately 29.51% of microspores exhibited shrinkage and deformationꎬ indicating abortion
characteristics. (6) Controlled pollination experiments demonstrated strict self ̄incompatibility of Michelia sirindhorniaeꎬ
absence of apomixisꎬ and varying degrees of interspecific isolation with other Michelia species. In summaryꎬ the breeding
system of M. sirindhorniae is obligate outcrossingꎬ and lack of effective pollinators and microspore abortion are the key
factors affecting its low seed setting rate under ex situ conditions. This study reveals the breeding barriers of M.
sirindhorniae in ex situ conditionsꎬ provides a scientific basis for its conservation and propagation.
Key words: Michelia sirindhorniaeꎬ flowering biologyꎬ breeding systemꎬ pollinating insectsꎬ Magnoliaceae
目前ꎬ濒危野生植物有两种保护方式ꎬ就地保 (余道平等ꎬ2019ꎻ张峥ꎬ2023ꎻ莫丽文等ꎬ2024a)ꎮ
护 ( in situ conservation ) 与 迁 地 保 护 ( ex situ 很多濒危植物在迁地条件下的开花物候动态、传
conservation)ꎮ 因全球气候变化与人类活动加剧ꎬ 粉者行为模式及其与繁殖特性的互作机制仍缺乏
部分野生植物栖息地遭严重破坏ꎬ迁地保护因此 系统性研究ꎬ导致人工干预策略的普适性与长效
成为拯救濒危物种的重要手段ꎬ同时也是开展人 性受限ꎮ 因此ꎬ掌握迁地植物开花生物学及繁殖
工扩繁、种群恢复和资源开发利用的关键路径( 孙 特性对濒危植物的迁地保护及应用意义重大ꎮ
卫 邦ꎬ 2025 )ꎮ 尽 管 目 前 华 盖 木 ( Pachylarnax 诗琳通含笑 ( Michelia sirindhorniae) 为木兰科
sinica)、景宁木兰( Yulania sinostellata)、毛果木莲 (Magnoliaceae)含笑属(Michelia)常绿乔木ꎬ高达 25
(Manglietia ventii)等木兰科植物在迁地保护上取 mꎬ胸径可达 70 cmꎻ花极芳香ꎬ花被片 12 ~ 15 枚ꎮ
得了显著的成效( 孙卫邦等ꎬ2019ꎻ邓莎等ꎬ2020ꎻ 诗琳通含笑生长迅速、枝叶茂密、树形优美、花量繁
梅中海等ꎬ2021)ꎬ但是在迁地条件下仍有很多种 多且芳香ꎬ是优良的景观绿化新物种ꎮ 1999 年泰国
类存在结实率低与种子发育异常等问题ꎬ如峨眉 科学技术研究所 Piya Chalermglin 博士于泰国华富
拟 单 性 木 兰 ( Parakmeria omeiensis)、 石 碌 含 笑 里府(Lop Buri Province)他銮县(Tha Luang District)
(Michelia shiluensis) 及金叶含笑( M. foveolata) 等 的淡水沼泽中发现该种ꎮ 为纪念玛哈扎克里

