Page 91 - 《广西植物》2026年第1期
P. 91
1 期 陈文龙等: 环境因子与新疆野苹果幼苗生长和存活的相关性分析 8 7
( 1. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biologyꎬ College of Life Sciencesꎬ Xinjiang Normal Universityꎬ
Urumqi 830017ꎬ Chinaꎻ 2. Xinjiang Administration Center of West Tianshan National Nature Reserveꎬ Yining 835000ꎬ Xinjiangꎬ Chinaꎻ
3. Xinjiang West Tianshan Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Stationꎬ Gongliu 835400ꎬ Xinjiangꎬ Chinaꎻ 4. College
of life and Geographic Sciencesꎬ Kashi Universityꎬ Kashi 844000ꎬ Xinjiangꎬ China )
Abstract: The seedling stage is the most vulnerable and environmentally sensitive period in the life history of plant
resources. Howeverꎬ previous studies on the growth and survival of plant seedlings mainly relied on the macroclimate data
provided by meteorological stationsꎬ but failed to fully consider the potential impacts of dynamic changes in the
understory microclimate on seedling growth. In this studyꎬ Malus sieversiiꎬ the second ̄class key protected wild plants in
Chinaꎬ was used as the research object. The effects of biotic and abiotic environmental factors on the growth and survival
of seedlings for M. sieversii were investigated by monitoring their seedlings and microclimate for three consecutive yearsꎬ
and combining with the investigation of environmental factors such as soil pHꎬ herbaceous coverage and canopy
cover. The findings provide a theoretical foundation for the scientific conservation and management of this wild plant
resource. The results were as follows: (1) The increase of mean temperature and mean soil moisture of growing season
was helpful to improve the survival rate and promote the growth of seedlingsꎬ and the mean temperature of growing season
had a significant positive effect on leaf number of seedlings for M. sieversii. (2) Soil pH was the most important
environmental factor for the death rate and survival rate of seedlings for M. sieversiiꎬ and the contribution rate was
47.6%. (3) Canopy cover was the key factor affecting the heightꎬ basal diameter and leaf number of seedlingsꎬ and the
contribution rates were 32.5%ꎬ 61.0% and 52.4%ꎬ respectively. Furthermoreꎬ the seedling traits had a downward trend
with the increase of canopy cover. (4) The mean temperature of growing season was the most important environmental
factor affecting seedling coverageꎬ and its contribution rate was 39.5%. In allꎬ canopy coverꎬ understory temperature and
soil pH mainly affect the growth and survival of M. sieversii seedlingsꎬ which should be focused on in the later protection
and management. This study provides a theoretical basis for the scientific protection and management of M. sieversii in
Xinjiang.
Key words: wild fruit forestꎬ Malus sieversiiꎬ seedlingꎬ microclimateꎬ soil pH
资源植物的保护需要理解植物每一个生活史 郁闭度过高ꎬ林下长期低温可能抑制光合作用ꎬ而
阶段对环境的响应(Bialic ̄Murphy et al.ꎬ 2024)ꎮ 幼 宏观数据无法捕捉此类局部低温效应ꎮ 然而ꎬ以往
苗期是资源植物整个生活史中最脆弱的时期ꎬ也是 的研究在探讨植物幼苗的生长和存活时ꎬ主要依赖
对外界 环 境 变 化 最 敏 感 的 时 期 ( Clark & Clarkꎬ 于气象站提供的宏观气候数据ꎬ而未能充分考虑林
1989)ꎮ 幼苗的建立和存活在群落演替和多样性以 下微气候的动态变化对幼苗生长的潜在影响( de
及分布方面起着重要作用(Kuang et al.ꎬ 2017)ꎮ 有 Frenne & Verheyenꎬ 2016)ꎮ 关于微气候是如何影
研究表明ꎬ生物因子对幼苗的生长和存活起着决定 响幼苗的生长和存活ꎬ特别是微气候相对于其他环
性作用(Harms et al.ꎬ 2000)ꎮ 在温带和亚热带的研 境因子的作用知之甚少ꎮ
究表明ꎬ气候因子对幼苗的生长存在较大影响ꎬ并 植物幼苗的生长和存活受到生物和非生物因
有助于预测群落对不断变化环境的响应( Song et 素的综合作用ꎮ 林下的温度和湿度通过形成特有
al.ꎬ 2018ꎻ Uriarte et al.ꎬ 2018)ꎮ 此外ꎬ幼苗是林下 的微气候条件来调节幼苗的生长( Zellweger et al.ꎬ
植被的组成部分ꎬ通常受林冠层的保护ꎬ并与林下 2020)ꎮ 对长白山阔叶红松林的研究表明ꎬ红松幼
微气候紧密相连 ( 图 1) ( de Frenne & Verheyenꎬ 苗的生物量和非结构性碳水化合物在春季和秋季
2016ꎻ de Frenne et al.ꎬ 2019ꎻ Sanczuk et al.ꎬ 2023)ꎮ 显著增加ꎬ而在夏季降低ꎬ表明林下的温湿度条件
微气候可以缓冲宏气候的变化ꎬ忽视它可能会高估 会影响幼苗的生长速率和生物量的分配( 周光等ꎬ
物种对气候变暖的响应(Scherrer et al.ꎬ 2011)ꎮ 若 2021)ꎮ 不同的土壤温度和水分条件对川西云杉
仅依赖宏观数据ꎬ可能低估林下温度的季节性波 幼苗的氮磷含量产生了影响ꎬ尤其是在低温干旱
动ꎬ导致对幼苗热胁迫风险的误判ꎮ 反之ꎬ若林冠 条件下ꎬ幼苗的氮磷含量不足ꎬ限制川西云杉的垂

