Page 66 - 《广西植物》2026年第2期
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2 6 0 广 西 植 物 46 卷
Abstract: In order to systematically update and analyze the plant checklist of lycophytes and ferns in Guizhouꎬ and to
provide a scientific basis for the biodiversity conservation and sustainable utilization in the regionꎬ we investigated
relevant literatureꎬ databasesꎬ and specimen informationꎬ and conducted comprehensive statistics and analyses of species
compositionꎬ distribution patternsꎬ and floristic characteristics of lycophytes and ferns in Guizhou based on the PPG I
classification system. The main results were as follows: (1) Guizhou harbored exceptionally rich diversity of lycophytes
and fernsꎬ comprising 37 familiesꎬ 121 generaꎬ 934 speciesꎬ 3 subspeciesꎬ and 35 varieties. These included 3 familiesꎬ
9 generaꎬ and 61 species (including infraspecific taxaꎬ hereafter) of lycophytesꎬ and 34 familiesꎬ 112 generaꎬ and 911
species of ferns. (2) The dominant families included Dryopteridaceae (238 species)ꎬ Pteridaceae (121 species)ꎬ
Polypodiaceae (117 species)ꎬ Athyriaceae (115 species)ꎬ etc.ꎻ the dominant genera included Polystichum (101
species)ꎬ Dryopteris (84 species)ꎬ Asplenium (48 species)ꎬ Pteris (44 species)ꎬ etc. (3) The province contained 20
nationally protected species from 7 families and 9 generaꎬ as well as 47 threatened species from 13 families and 22
genera. (4) In terms of horizontal distributionꎬ species richness was the highest in Qiannan Buyi and Miao Prefecture
(586 species) and the lowest in Liupanshui City (224 species)ꎬ with a vertical distribution pattern showing a “mid ̄
domain effect” with a maximum species diversity at 900 - 1 300 m elevation. (5) In terms of ecological typesꎬ
terricolous species were the most abundant (533 species)ꎬ followed by saxicolous ( 264 species)ꎬ epiphytic ( 99
species)ꎬ terricolous ̄saxicolous (69 species)ꎬ with aquatic species being the rarest (7 species). (6) Floristic analysis
at the genus level indicated that the lycophytes and ferns of Guizhou were dominated by tropical elementsꎬ consistent
with the tropical dominance characteristics of Chinese fern flora. In conclusionꎬ the results of this research not only
enhance the fundamental data on lycophytes and ferns in Guizhouꎬ but also provide critical support for advancing regional
botanical surveysꎬ ecological conservation planningꎬ and biodiversity research.
Key words: Guizhou Provinceꎬ species diversityꎬ lycophytesꎬ fernsꎬ species cataloging
生物多样性包含生态系统多样性、物种多样 物(monilophytes)ꎬ并与种子植物互为姐妹类群ꎻ而
性和遗传多样性 3 个层次ꎬ其中物种多样性有承 石松科( Lycopodiaceae)、水韭科( Isoëtaceae) 和卷
上启下的作用ꎬ向上组成生态系统多样性ꎬ向下承 柏科(Selaginellaceae)构成另一个独立的世系( 石
载着遗传多样性( 马克平ꎬ1993)ꎮ 生物多样性能 松类)ꎬ为其他维管植物的基部类群( Pryer et al.ꎬ
够为人类社会活动提供物质基础ꎬ因此保护生物 2001ꎻChristenhusz et al.ꎬ 2011ꎻPPG Ⅰꎬ2016ꎻ陈永
多样性对社会的可持续发展至关重要ꎮ 在生物多 怡等ꎬ2024)ꎮ 石松类和蕨类植物广泛分布于森
样性保护过程中ꎬ物种多样性尤为重要( 洪德元ꎬ 林、草原、荒漠和湿地等各种生境ꎬ是热带、亚热带
2016)ꎮ 作为地球上起源最早的维管植物ꎬ石松类 山地植被重要的组成部分ꎬ在维持生态系统的稳
和蕨类植物是一类以孢子繁殖的高等维管植物ꎬ 定性上发挥着重要作用( 陈功锡等ꎬ2014)ꎮ 根据
是陆地植物进化史上重要的组成部分ꎬ并在生态 PPG I(蕨类植物系统发育研究组) 分类系统(PPG
系统中发挥着重要作用( 张宪春等ꎬ2013ꎻ王婷等ꎬ Ⅰꎬ2016)ꎬ地球上现存的石松类和蕨类植物共有
2022)ꎮ 14 目 51 科 337 属约 11 916 种ꎬ其中石松类包含 3
传统分类将现代蕨类植物(pteridophytes) 划分 目 3 科 18 属约 1 338 种ꎬ蕨类包含 11 目 48 科 319
为石松亚门(Lycophytina)、水韭亚门(Isoëphytina)、 属约 10 578 种ꎮ 根据« 中国生物物种名录» 最新
松 叶 蕨 亚 门 ( Psilophytina )、 楔 叶 蕨 亚 门 统计(Liu et al.ꎬ 2025)ꎬ中国有石松类和蕨类植物
(Sphenophytina) 和真蕨亚门( Filicophytina) 5 个亚 42 科 191 属 2 693 种ꎮ
门ꎬ其中前 4 个亚门称为拟蕨类植物( fern ̄allies)ꎬ 贵州地处云贵高原ꎬ地势整体西高东低ꎬ自中
真蕨亚门称为真蕨类植物(ferns)(秦仁昌ꎬ1978ꎻ周 部向东、南、北三面倾斜ꎬ毕节市赫章县珠市乡韭
喜乐等ꎬ2016)ꎮ 然而ꎬ分子系统学研究表明ꎬ传统 菜坪为海拔最高点ꎬ海拔约 2 900.6 mꎬ最低点为黔
定义的蕨类植物并非单系类群ꎬ其中松叶蕨类、木 东南黎平县地坪乡水口河出省界处ꎬ海拔约 147.8
贼类和真蕨类共同形成一个世系ꎬ统称为蕨类植 mꎮ 贵州岩溶地貌发育十分典型ꎬ其中喀斯特面积

