Page 18 - 《广西植物》2026年第4期
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5 7 6 广 西 植 物 46 卷
( 1. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecologyꎬ Guangxi Institute of Botanyꎬ Chinese Academy of
Sciencesꎬ Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Regionꎬ Nonggang Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Guangxiꎬ
Guilin 541006ꎬ Guangxiꎬ Chinaꎻ 2. Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Changeꎬ Institute of Botanyꎬ
Chinese Academy of Sciencesꎬ Beijing 100093ꎬ China )
Abstract: The Lijiang River basinꎬ located in a typical karst region of southern Chinaꎬ has an ancient stratigraphic origin
and a long history of karst development. It harbors diverse and spatially complex vegetation alliance types. Howeverꎬ high ̄
resolution distribution data at the alliance level have been lacking. Based on the new generation 1 ∶ 500 000 China
vegetation map compilation methodꎬ which integrates crowdsourced vegetation dataꎬ multi ̄source remote sensing fusionꎬ and
multi ̄scale image segmentationꎬ this study identified the major vegetation alliance types (or alliance groups) in the Lijiang
River basin and analyzed their area composition and spatial distribution patterns. The results were as follows: (1) The
vegetation types exhibited high diversity and complexity. A total of 4 vegetation formation groupsꎬ 10 vegetation formationsꎬ
and 23 alliances (groups) were identified. (2) Anthropogenically influenced vegetation types accounted for more than 87%
of the basin’ s area. Specificallyꎬ Pinus massoniana forestꎬ P. massoniana mixed needleleaf and broadleaf forestꎬ
Cunninghamia lanceolata forestꎬ and Phyllostachys edulis forest together occupied over 61% of the basinꎬ while agricultural
vegetation (food crops and orchards) covered approximately 26%. In contrastꎬ primary zonal evergreen broadleaf forests
(e.g.ꎬ Castanopsis eyrei forest and C. carlesii forest) together comprised less than 5% of the total basin area. (3) Clear
spatial differentiation patterns were observed among alliances. Zonal alliances were strictly confined to non ̄karst mountains
(e. g.ꎬ Yuechenglingꎬ Haiyangshanꎬ Jiaqiaoling)ꎬ whereas non ̄zonal alliances ( e. g.ꎬ Cyclobalanopsis glauca mixed
evergreen and deciduous broadleaf forestꎬ Vitex negundo + Loropetalum chinense shrubland ) dominated the karst
areas. Verticallyꎬ a distinct altitudinal zonation was evidentꎬ transitioning from typical evergreen broadleaf forest belt to
mixed evergreen and deciduous broadleaf forest belt. Horizontallyꎬ forest alliances mainly occupied the surrounding
mountainous regionsꎬ whereas shrubland and agricultural alliances prevailed in the central gentle terrain. This study reveals
the classificationꎬ area compositionꎬ and spatial distribution patterns of vegetation alliances in the Lijiang River basinꎬ
providing a scientific basis and supporting evidence for the conservation and restoration of the basin’ s vegetation
ecosystemsꎬ as well as for sustainable development of the basin and the assessment of its ecological value.
Key words: the Lijiang River basinꎬ karstꎬ crowdsourcedꎬ multi ̄scale image segmentationꎬ vegetation formationꎬ
allianceꎬ area compositionꎬ spatial distribution
漓江流域位于广西东北部ꎬ属珠江流域西江 保持、生物多样性维持和山水景观等功能的发挥
水系ꎬ是我国南方典型的喀斯特地貌分布区ꎬ也是 具有至关重要的作用( 朱彪等ꎬ2004ꎻ段文军等ꎬ
桂林山水景观的核心载体ꎬ其喀斯特地貌及其科 2015)ꎮ
学 价 值 举 世 闻 名、 全 球 独 一 无 二 ( 刘 金 荣 等ꎬ 漓江流域植被生态系统的重要性使得其相关
2001)ꎮ 独特的气候水文条件与喀斯特地貌背景 研究一直以来都受到高度关注ꎮ 在植被类型分类
相互作用ꎬ加之华南第一峰猫儿山形成的巨大海 及特征方面ꎬ早在 20 世纪 60 年代ꎬ广西植物研究
拔梯度ꎬ使得漓江流域内造就了丰富多样的植被 所等单位相关研究人员就对阳朔县的植被展开调
类型ꎮ 群系作为植被分类体系中的核心等级单 查ꎬ20 世纪 80 年代又对流域内的猫儿山及灵川县
元ꎬ是具有相同建群种或共建种的植物群落联合 进行了植被考察( 苏宗明等ꎬ2014)ꎻ20 世纪末至
体(方精云等ꎬ2020)ꎬ能够综合反映区域植被与环 21 世纪初ꎬ研究人员对猫儿山林区、青狮潭水源林
境的相互作用关系ꎮ 漓江流域地处我国东部湿润 区、海洋山林区、千家洞林区进行了科学考察ꎬ初
森林区向西南干热河谷区的过渡地带ꎬ同时叠加 步了解了主要自然保护区的植被类型和结构特征
喀斯特地貌的特殊生境ꎬ这使其植被的群系类型 (苏宗明等ꎬ2014)ꎮ 有学者对漓江流域内的湿地
呈现高度的复杂性和独特性( 苏宗明等ꎬ2014)ꎮ 植被类型及水陆交错带的植被类型分类进行了研
这些丰富多样的植被对漓江流域水源涵养、土壤 究ꎬ发现漓江流域具有较丰富的湿地、高山湿地及

