Page 102 - 《广西植物》2026年第6期
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6 期 胡潇雪等: 毛竹开花时期 C、N、P 化学计量的变化特征 1 0 1 7
Abstract: Ecological stoichiometry is a discipline that elucidates how plants regulate nutrient allocation and utilization
across critical life ̄history stages. To explore the stoichiometric adaptation mechanisms and nutrient resource allocation
strategies of bamboo plantsꎬ using naturally flowering P. edulis in northern Guilinꎬ Guangxiꎬ China as the study
materialꎬ we quantified carbon (C)ꎬ nitrogen (N)ꎬ and phosphorus (P) contentsꎬ along with their stoichiometric ratios
(C ∶ Nꎬ C ∶ Pꎬ N ∶ P) across seven organ types (culmꎬ branchꎬ leaf/ flower spikeꎬ culm stumpꎬ culm rootꎬ rhizomeꎬ
and rhizome root) during four flowering periods: pre ̄floweringꎬ initial floweringꎬ peak floweringꎬ and late flowering. The
objective was to elucidate the underlying stoichiometric adaptation mechanisms and resource reallocation strategies that
underpin reproductive investment in bamboo. The results were as follows: (1) The Cꎬ Nꎬ and P contents in different
organs exhibited significant differences and temporal dynamics across different periods. Branches consistently exhibited
the highest C contentꎻ leaf/ flower spike N content peaked during pre ̄floweringꎬ whereas P content peaked at peak
floweringꎻ culm Pꎬ branch Cꎬ and leaf N contents declined monotonically throughout floweringꎻ rhizome C and N
contents showed a unimodal pattern (decreasing then increasing)ꎻ and P content in branchesꎬ culm rootsꎬ and rhizome
roots followed an inverse unimodal trajectory (increasing then decreasing). (2) Stoichiometric ratios displayed distinct
spatiotemporal patterns. C ∶ N reached its maximum in culms during initial floweringꎻ C ∶ P peaked in rhizome roots at
late floweringꎻ and N ∶ P was the highest in rhizomes during pre ̄flowering. (3) Significant (P < 0.05) or highly
significant (P < 0.01) correlations were observed among Cꎬ Nꎬ and P contents and ratios across organs within each
periodꎬ indicating tightly coordinatedꎬ stage ̄dependent nutrient partitioning. In conclusionꎬ during the flowering period
of P. edulisꎬ vegetative organs such as branches accumulate C to maintain homeostasisꎬ while leaves/ flower spikes
accumulate N and P to support metabolic processes. This overall pattern reflects an ecological adaptation strategy
characterized by “C homeostasisꎬ P limitationꎬ and N redistribution” ensuring reproductive demands.
Key words: Phyllostachys edulisꎬ floweringꎬ organsꎬ Cꎬ Nꎬ and P contentsꎬ stoichiometric ratiosꎬ dynamic changes
生态化学计量学为研究植物生命活动提供了 用( 徐 振 国 等ꎬ2017)ꎻ 雷 竹 ( Phyllostachys praecox
新的视角ꎬ通过分析 C、N、P 元素的含量及其化学 f. prevernalis) 开 花 后ꎬ P 含 量 比 未 开 花 植 株 高
计量特征ꎬ能够揭示植物的生长状态和生理变化 59.70% ( 何 奇 江 等ꎬ 2005 )ꎻ 神 农 箭 竹 ( Fargesia
规律(Song et al.ꎬ2014)ꎮ C、N、P 作为植物生长发 murielae)开花后ꎬP 优先向叶片和鞭根分配ꎬ驱动
育的三大关键元素ꎬ各自承担着不可替代的生理 植物从营养生长阶段向生殖生长阶段的过渡( 詹
功能ꎮ C 元素构成了植物结构基础并支撑生理代 爱军和李兆华ꎬ2007)ꎮ 尽管有研究证实了 C、N、P
谢ꎻN 元素参与光合作用、有机物合成及酶活性调 在竹类生殖生长中的关键影响ꎬ但大多局限于少
控ꎬ直接决定植物的营养生长和生殖生长进程ꎻP 数特定竹种或单一器官ꎬ缺乏对竹类开花全进程
元素在调节根系形态构型、提升养分吸收效率以 中各器官 C、N、P 化学计量特征演变及其资源分配
及遗传信息传递和光合作用调控中发挥关键作用 格局的系统性探讨ꎮ 因此ꎬ深入解析竹类开花过
(Elser et al.ꎬ1996)ꎮ 植物体内 C、N、P 元素的动 程中多器官的元素化学计量特征与资源分配机
态变化不仅反映林分生产力和生态系统养分利用 制ꎬ对于完善植物生态化学计量理论具有重要的
效率ꎬ更是表征器官生理生化活性的重要指标( 刘 科学意义ꎮ
超ꎬ2014)ꎮ 特别是在竹类植物开花这一特殊生理 毛 竹 ( Phyllostachys edulis ) 隶 属 禾 本 科
阶段ꎬ植株体内的养分代谢策略发生显著转变ꎬ以 (Poaceae)刚竹属(Phyllostachys)ꎬ是我国南方重要
驱动其从营养生长向生殖生长过渡ꎮ 现有研究已 的笋材两用竹种ꎬ也是森林生态系统的重要组成
发现不同竹种在开花期间的元素响应存在差异:3 部分(冯鹏飞和李玉敏ꎬ2023)ꎮ 作为典型的多年
年生紫竹( Phyllostachys nigra) 开花叶片有机碳含 生一次性开花植物ꎬ毛竹开花呈现出周期长、同步
量最低ꎬ 受 开 花 影 响 剧 烈 ( 孙 慧 等ꎬ2025)ꎻ 麻 竹 性高以及开花结实后立即枯死的特点( 周芳纯ꎬ
(Dendrocalamus latiflorus)在开花盛期ꎬ其竹枝与竹 1998ꎻGiordano et al.ꎬ2009ꎻ朱强根等ꎬ2015)ꎮ 近
叶中的 N 含量较前期显著提升ꎬ显示 N 的主导作 年来ꎬ桂林北部地区毛竹频繁开花ꎬ为深入研究其

