Page 67 - 《广西植物》2020年第6期
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6 期               杨丽娟等: 播种季节和种植方式对多年生苦荞主要农艺性状的影响                                           8 1 3

                ( Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technologyꎬ Guizhou Normal Universityꎬ Guiyang 550001ꎬ China )

       Abstract: In order to study the effects of sowing seasons and planting methods on the main agronomic traits of perennial
       tartary buckwheatꎬ six new perennial tartary buckwheat lines (Fagopyrum tatari ̄cymosum) were selected to investigate
       the main agronomic traits under seed sowing and autumn regeneration. The results were as follows: (1) The effects of
       different sowing seasons on pollen fertilityꎬ total seed setꎬ effective rate of seed setꎬ plant heightꎬ main stem diameterꎬ
       main stem branching numberꎬ main stem node numberꎬ 100 ̄grain weightꎬ grain number per plant and yield of main in ̄
       florescence of new perennial tartary buckwheat lines reached signi ̄ficant or extremely significant level. Fertility rate of
       main inflorescenceꎬ total seed setꎬ effective rate of seed setꎬ number of branches of main stemꎬ 100 ̄grain weightꎬ grain
       number per plant and yield per plant under autumn sowing were extremely significantly higher than those under spring so ̄
       wingꎻ Plant heightꎬ diameter of main stem and number of nodes of main stem under autumn sowing were extremely sig ̄
       nificantly lower than those under spring sowingꎻ There was no significant differences in the size of main inflorescence
       flowers and the ratio of length to width of ten grains. (2) The effects of different planting methods on pollen fertility and
       effective rate of seed set on main inflorescenceꎬ number of main stem nodes and 100 ̄grain weight of plant reached signi ̄
       ficant or extremely significant levelꎻ The fertility rate of regeneration main inflorescence pollen and the grain number per
       plant in autumn are significantly higher than those of autumn sowingꎻ The effective rate of seed set on main inflores ̄
       cenceꎬ the diameter of main stemꎬ number of main stem nodes and 100 ̄grain number of plant are significantly lower than
       those of autumn sowing. There are no significant differences in the size of main inflorescence flowersꎬ the total seed setꎬ
       plant heightꎬ number of main stem branchesꎬ length ̄width ratio of grain and yield per plantꎻ The correlation analysis
       showed that there were the highest correlation coefficient between the effective rate of seed set of main inflorescence and
       grain number per plant with yield per plant in each growing season. (3) Among all the tested linesꎬ the autumn sowing
       yield per plant of 1612 ̄241 was significantly higher than that of other linesꎬ and the autumn regeneration yield per plant
       of 1612 ̄16 and 1612 ̄33 were significantly higher than that of the normal season. The results of this study are helpful to
       obtain the best lines suitable for sowing on one season and harvesting in two seasonsꎬ and provide clues for the perennial
       tartary buckwheat breeding in the future.
       Key words: perennial tartary buckwheatꎬ spring and autumn direct sowingꎬ regenerationꎬ main traitsꎬ yield per plant

       多年生苦荞( Fagopyrum tatari ̄cymosum) 是以           贵多苦 1612 ̄248 等在江苏泰兴、西藏、贵州、四川
   一年生同源四倍体苦荞“ 大苦 1 号” ( Fagopyrum                   等地进行秋季试点栽培ꎬ发现其产量可达 2 700
   tataricumꎬ花柱同短自交可育自花授粉ꎬ来自于西                       kghm ꎻ而时政等(2011) 将常规苦荞九江苦荞
                                                             ̄2
   藏地方的苦荞品种染色体加倍材料) 作为母本ꎬ与                           在贵州地区沿河、六盘水、兴义、毕节、贵阳进行试
   父本多年生金荞麦“ 红心金荞” ( Fagopyrum cymo ̄                 验发现各试点产量变异范围为 1 671 ~ 2 550.15
   sum)(四倍体ꎬ花柱异长自交不亲和ꎬ虫媒传粉ꎬ落                         kghm ꎮ 显然ꎬ多年生苦荞这个新类型显示出了
                                                             ̄2
   粒)进行杂交ꎬ获得的 1 个新类型的双二倍体杂种                          较高的产量潜力ꎮ 目前ꎬ对多年生苦荞的研究主
   (Chen et al.ꎬ 2018) 后代ꎮ 它具有适应性强、抗旱                要集中在其特点 和 育 种 现 状 方 面 ( Chenꎬ 2016ꎻ
   耐瘠性好、高杆、大粒、强再生力、不落粒、自交可                           Chen et al.ꎬ 2018ꎻ陈庆富ꎬ 2018)ꎮ 因此ꎬ要想实
   育的特点ꎬ有着较高的应用潜力ꎮ 其越冬性不如                            现高产、稳产的育种目标ꎬ应根据其生育规律ꎬ因

   多年生金荞ꎬ但是由于其再生力强ꎬ像多年生荞麦                            地制宜ꎬ合理选育ꎬ提高育种技术ꎬ科学种植ꎬ以充
   一样ꎬ收获割茬后可再生长一季并获得第二季的                             分发挥其增产潜力ꎮ 播种季节是作物栽培技术的
   收成ꎬ 可 实 现 栽 培 一 次ꎬ 收 获 两 次 ( 陈 庆 富ꎬ               重要组成环节ꎬ不同的播种季节ꎬ不同品系ꎬ甚至
   2018)ꎮ 陈庆富(2018) 将表现较稳定的多年生苦                      是同一品系在不同生态条件、栽培条件下ꎬ其产量
   荞新品系贵多苦 003 ̄1、贵多苦 74A、贵多苦 60 ̄1、                   相关性状都会有很大差异ꎮ 适宜的播种季节不仅
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