Page 120 - 《广西植物》2022年第12期
P. 120

2 1 1 0                                广  西  植  物                                         42 卷
                ( 1. College of Forestryꎬ Guizhou Universityꎬ Guiyang 550025ꎬ Chinaꎻ 2. College of Life Sciencesꎬ Guizhou Normal Universityꎬ Guiyang
                           550025ꎬ Chinaꎻ 3. Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhouꎬ Guiyang 550025ꎬ China )

                 Abstract: In order to study the effects of different carbon and nitrogen sources treatments on the embryogenic callus
                 (EC) inductionꎬ development and organic matter accumulation during somatic embryogenesis process in Ormosia henryiꎬ
                 and to screen the carbon and nitrogen sources conducive to somatic embryogenesis and optimize somatic embryogenesis
                 system in O. henryi. Mature embryos were used as explants in O. henryiꎬ the differences of EC inductionꎬ development
                 and organic matter accumulation under three kinds of carbon sourcesꎬ four kinds of sucrose concentrations and six kinds
                 of nitrogen sources treatments were analyzed by single factor experiment. The results were as follows: (1) EC induction
                 rate in medium supplemented with sucrose was significantly higher than with glucose and maltoseꎬ while there was no
                 significant difference in somatic embryo (SE) induction rateꎬ SE differentiation rate and the contents of soluble sugarꎬ
                 starch and soluble protein with EC. (2) With the increase of sucrose concentrationꎬ ECꎬ SE induction rateꎬ SE
                 differentiation rateꎬ EC weight and soluble protein content first increased and then decreasedꎬ which was the highest in
                        ̄1
                 30 gL sucroseꎬ while the soluble sugar and starch contents of EC showed an increasing trend. (3) In six kinds of
                                                                         ̄1
                 nitrogen sources treatmentsꎬEC induction rate was the highest in 500 mgL glutamineꎬ SE induction rates were higher
                 in glutamine and casein hydrolysateꎬ but there were no differences in SE differentiation ratesꎬ the soluble protein content
                 of EC in the treatment with organic nitrogen source was significantly higher than that in the treatment without organic
                 nitrogen source. In summaryꎬ the different carbon and nitrogen sources affected the inductionꎬ development and the
                 organic matter accumulation of ECꎬ and affected SE induction rateꎬ but there were no significant differences in the SE
                                                        ̄1                 ̄1
                 differentiation rate. The study suggests that 30 gL sucrose and 500 mgL glutamine as carbon and nitrogen sources
                 can promote SE induction in O. henryi.
                 Key words: Ormosia henryiꎬ somatic embryogenesisꎬ embryogenic callusꎬ carbon and nitrogen sourcesꎬ organic matter


                花榈木( Ormosia henryi) 属豆科( Fabaceae) 红          培养再生体系ꎬ但再生植株的数量有限ꎬ其技术尚
            豆属(Ormosia) 常绿乔木ꎬ材质致密、坚硬、纹理美                       不成熟ꎬ且生产成本高ꎬ难以实现产业化ꎮ 体细胞
            丽ꎬ为我国珍贵用材树种ꎬ是制作高档家具和工艺                             胚胎发生作为一种高效的体外再生方法ꎬ是体细
            品的重要原材料ꎬ其根、枝、叶均可入药ꎬ具有较高                            胞在体外培养形成胚性愈伤组织ꎬ经胚胎发生和

            的经济、药用和生态价值ꎮ 由于花榈木种皮坚硬ꎬ                            胚胎发育形成大量胚状体的过程ꎬ对产业化生产、
            透水性差ꎬ野生自然资源稀少ꎬ大小年现象严重ꎬ自                            胚胎发育和细胞全能性研究具有重要意义ꎮ 先前
            然更新困难ꎬ生长缓慢ꎬ且成年树木易遭砍伐和破                             的研究建立了花榈木体胚发生再生体系( Wu et
            坏ꎬ造成现有野生自然资源濒临灭绝状态ꎮ 为保护                            al.ꎬ 2020)ꎬ较深入探讨了花榈木体胚发生的生理

            其现有自然资源多样性和解决种质资源不足问题ꎬ                             机理ꎬ揭示了可溶性糖、淀粉和可溶性蛋白是花榈
            当下迫切需要进行保护和繁殖ꎬ无性繁殖可以解决                             木体胚发生的物质基础( Wu et al.ꎬ 2021)ꎮ 前人

            生产实践中资源匮乏问题和缓解供需矛盾ꎮ 其中ꎬ                            在三叶无患子(Sapindus trifoliatus) ( Asthana et al.ꎬ
            组织培养技术具有繁殖速度快、产量高、利于种质                             2017)、北美鹅掌楸(Liriodendron tulipifera) ( Kim et
            资源保存和遗传转化( Keshvari et al.ꎬ 2018) 等优               al.ꎬ 2011) 和斐济果( Feijoa sellowiana) ( Vesco &
            点ꎬ在林木的扩繁研究和运用中具有重要作用ꎮ 前                            Guerraꎬ 2001) 等物种体细胞胚培养研究中发现ꎬ
            人对同为豆科植物的红豆树(Ormosia hosiei)、香合                    可溶性糖、淀粉和可溶性蛋白这些有机物含量受
            欢(Albizia odoratissima)等的组织培养技术进行了研                碳氮源及浓度的影响(Iraqi & Tremblayꎬ 2001)ꎬ从
            究ꎬ但仍存在愈伤组织分化率、不定芽增殖率、生根                            而影响体胚诱导率ꎮ 由此推测ꎬ碳氮源及浓度与

            率低等问题(桂平ꎬ2018ꎻ许倩ꎬ2020)ꎮ                            体胚诱导率及其生理变化有关ꎬ但它们如何调控
                 花榈木无性繁殖中ꎬ赵正霞(2007) 和文虹等                       花榈木体胚诱导及其有机物积累的机理尚未可
            (2020)分别对花榈木埋根和嫁接技术进行了研                            知ꎮ 因此ꎬ本研究以花榈木成熟胚作为外植体ꎬ采
            究ꎬ高丽等(2009) 和乔栋(2016) 初步建立了组织                      用单因素试验ꎬ分别以 3 种碳源、4 种蔗糖浓度和
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