Page 43 - 《广西植物》2023年第3期
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3 期                朱显亮等: 石灰土和酸性土生境下金花茶组植物叶片钙形态差异                                            4 4 3

                 Abstract: In order to study the calcium speciation characteristics in leaves of golden Camellia species under different
                 habitatsꎬ 10 species of golden Camellia from calcareous soil habitats and four species from acidic soil habitats were used
                 as the research objects. The calcium content (Soil ̄Ca) and pH (Soil ̄pH) of habitat soilꎬ and the contents of calcium
                 nitrate and calcium chloride (AIC ̄Ca)ꎬ water soluble organic acid calcium (H O ̄Ca)ꎬ calcium pectate (NaCl ̄Ca)ꎬ
                                                                            2
                 calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate (HAC ̄Ca)ꎬ calcium oxalate (HCl ̄Ca)ꎬ calcium silicate (Res ̄Ca)ꎬ and total
                 calcium (Tot ̄Ca) of leaves were measured. The results were as follows: (1) the Soil ̄Ca and Soil ̄pH of calcareous soil
                 were extremely significantly (P< 0.01) higher than those of acidic soil. (2) The leaf calcium speciation of golden
                 Camellia species from calcareous soil habitats was primarily HCl ̄Ca (41.17%)ꎬ while species from acidic soil habitats
                 was primarily NaCl ̄Ca (43.10%)ꎬ and all calcium speciation and total calcium content in leaves of species from
                 calcareous soil were extremely significantly (P<0.01) higher than that from acidic soil except for AIC ̄Ca and NaCl ̄
                 Ca. (3) Correlation analysis showed that most of the content of calcium speciation in leaves was extremely significantly
                 (P < 0. 01) and positively correlated with Soil ̄Ca and Soil ̄pHꎬ indicating that soil environment had an important
                 influence on the leaf calcium speciation characteristics of golden Camellia species. (4) According to one ̄way ANOVAꎬ
                 the content of each leaf calcium speciation was extremely significant (P<0.01) difference among the species in golden
                 Camellia revealing that the calcium speciation characteristics had a considerable variation during the species
                 differentiation. (5) Cluster analysis based on calcium speciation characteristics showed that the 14 species of golden
                 Camellia could be grouped into three categories. In summaryꎬ the differences in leaf calcium speciation of plants of
                 golden Camellia species in different habitats may be the consequence of a combination of soil environmental and genetic
                 factors. The results of this study will help to understand the adaptation mechanism of golden Camellia species to soil
                 calcium and provide a reference for the formulation of conservation measures.
                 Key words: golden Camelliaꎬ soil environmentꎬ calcium adaptationꎬ cluster analysisꎬ karst plant


                钙是植物生长必不可少的营养元素ꎬ可以促                            木ꎮ 由于金花茶种质资源稀缺以及极高的观赏价
            进植物的生长发育、光合作用、抗逆性等ꎬ但过量                             值ꎬ因此被誉为“植物界大熊猫” 和“茶族王后” (韦
            的钙会产生细胞毒害ꎬ其对植物而言具有两面性                              霄等ꎬ2006)ꎮ 同时ꎬ金花茶在抗肿瘤、抗氧化、防治
            (Min et al.ꎬ 2009)ꎮ 钙在植物体中主要以硝酸钙                   三高、抗炎及抗过敏等方面具有较高的药用价值
            和氯化钙、水溶性有机酸钙、果胶酸钙、磷酸钙和                             (孔桂菊等ꎬ2016)ꎮ 在 2021 年 8 月发布的«国家重
            碳酸钙、草酸钙、硅酸钙等化学形态存在( 叶盛等ꎬ                           点保护野生植物名录» 中ꎬ金花茶组所有种均被列
            2000)ꎮ 在高钙环境中ꎬ一些优势植物通常会进化                          入国家二级保护野生植物ꎮ 目前ꎬ已报道且被认可
            出自身的钙适应机制ꎬ以此避免产生钙毒害ꎮ 例                             的中国金花茶组植物种类超过 20 种ꎬ主要分布于广
            如ꎬ植物可以通过泌钙腺体将体内多余的钙分泌                              西西南部ꎬ其大部分物种的生境土壤为喀斯特石灰
            出去(李强等ꎬ2007ꎻBorer et al.ꎬ 2012)ꎻ或者形成               土ꎬ少数为酸性土(中国科学院中国植物志编辑委
            钙化根ꎬ从源头上控制根系对钙的吸收( 高有红                             员会ꎬ1998)ꎮ 在自然环境中ꎬ尚未发现可同时在石
            等ꎬ2017)ꎮ 此外ꎬ还可以通过调节自身某些生理                          灰土和酸性土生境中生长的金花茶物种(苏宗明和
            活性 物 质 的 变 化 来 适 应 高 钙 环 境 ( 张 宇 斌 等ꎬ              莫新礼ꎬ1988)ꎮ 因此ꎬ根据生境土壤的种类ꎬ可分
            2008)ꎮ 喀斯特地区又称岩溶地区ꎬ是典型的高钙                          为石灰土金花茶和酸性土金花茶ꎮ 但是ꎬ人工引种
            环境ꎬ钙 在 喀 斯 特 生 态 系 统 中 扮 演 着 重 要 角 色               试验表明ꎬ多数石灰土金花茶可以在酸性土中正常
            (Huang et al.ꎬ 2021)ꎮ 长期以来ꎬ这里的大部分植                 生长ꎬ而酸性土金花茶却难以适应石灰土环境(苏

            物形成 了 喜 钙、 岩 生、 旱 生 等 特 性 ( 罗 绪 强 等ꎬ               宗明和莫新礼ꎬ1988)ꎮ 金花茶组植物对生境土壤
            2012)ꎮ 因此ꎬ喀斯特生境成为研究植物对高钙环                          的高度专一性可能与其对土壤的钙适应机制有关
            境适应性方面的热点区域( 谢丽萍等ꎬ2007ꎻ曹建                          (柴胜丰等ꎬ2021)ꎮ 然而ꎬ以往关于金花茶组植物

            华等ꎬ2011ꎻ齐清文等ꎬ2013)ꎮ                                的研究多集中于表观形态特征(李凤英等ꎬ2013ꎻ朱
                 金花茶组(Camellia Sect. Chrysantha)系山茶科           栗琼等ꎬ2021)、药用成分(Yang et al.ꎬ 2018ꎻ李辛雷
            (Theaceae) 山茶属( Camellia L.) 常绿灌木或小乔               等ꎬ2019)、栽培技术( 黄昌艳等ꎬ2016ꎻ邓荫伟等ꎬ
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