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作者简介:

张馨予(1995—),硕士研究生,主要从事中药及民族药药效物质基础研究,(E-mail)1947774835@qq.com。

通讯作者:

王洪玲,博士,副教授,主要从事中药及民族药药效物质基础研究,(E-mail)centurymaomao2008@163.com。

中图分类号:Q946

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1000-3142(2024)06-1017-11

DOI:10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202309012

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目录contents

    摘要

    黄帚橐吾(Ligularia virgaurea)为藏药“日肖”的基原植物之一,具有清热解毒、干黄水功效。为探究黄帚橐吾抗炎活性成分,该研究采用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱、ODS反相柱色谱等进行分离纯化,通过各种波谱学方法对化合物进行结构鉴定,并采用脂多糖(LPS)诱导的RAW264.7细胞模型测定化合物对一氧化氮(NO)的抑制活性。结果表明:(1)从黄帚橐吾石油醚和正丁醇部位共分离得到21个化合物,分别鉴定为spiroeuryolide(1)、cacalol acetate(2)、oplopenone(3)、8-ethyl-palmosalide A(4)、1-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-(pent-3-enyl) benzofuran(5)、丁香脂素-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(6)、松脂酚-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(7)、isoeucommin A(8)、eucommin A(9)、6,7-二甲氧基香豆素(10)、阿魏酸(11)、咖啡酸乙酯(12)、咖啡酸甲酯(13)、阿魏酸甲酯(14)、阿魏酸乙酯(15)、咖啡酸(16)、2-[(2′E)-3′,7′-dimethyl-2′,6′-octadienyl]-4-methoxy-6-methylphenol(17)、2,8-dimethyl-6-methoxy-2-(4′-methylpent-3′-enyl)-chromene(18)、β-谷甾醇(19)、dodecyl(Z)-9-hexadecenoate(20)、hexacosanal(21)。其中,化合物1-4611-16182021为首次从黄帚橐吾中分离得到。(2)体外抗炎实验表明,化合物1-3611-161719在检测浓度下(1.56 ~ 50.00 μmol·L-1)均能显著抑制NO释放量(P<0.05或P<0.01),化合物5在浓度为50.00 μmol·L-1时对NO的释放量无抑制作用,但在12.50、25.00 μmol·L-1的浓度下,对NO的释放量有抑制作用(P<0.05)。该研究结果丰富了黄帚橐吾的化学成分和生物活性研究,为黄帚橐吾抗炎活性的开发和利用提供了理论基础。

    Abstract

    Ligularia virgaurea is one of the original plants of the Tibetan medicine “Rixiao” for the treatment of clearing heat and removing yellow water. In order to study the chemical constituents and anti-inflammatory activity of L. virgaurea, the compounds were separated by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 gel, ODS gel column chromatography and other column chromatography technologies. The structures of all isolates were identified by spectroscopic methods (NMR and HR-ESI-MS). Their inhibitory activity of the compounds on nitric oxide (NO) was determined by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cell model. The results were as follows: (1) Twenty-one compounds were separated and identified from petroleum ether and n-butanol extracts of L. virgaurea, including spiroeuryolide (1), cacalol acetate (2), oplopenone (3), 8-ethyl-palmosalide A (4), 1-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-(pent-3-enyl)benzofuran (5), syringaresinol-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), pinoresinol-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), isoeucommin A (8), eucommin A (9), 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin (10), ferulic acid (11), ethyl caffeate (12), methyl caffeate (13), methyl ferulate (14), ethyl ferulate (15), caffeic acid (16), 2-[(2′E)-3′,7′-dimethyl-2′,6′-octadienyl]-4-methoxy-6-methylphenol (17), 2,8-dimethyl-6-methoxy-2-(4′-methylpent-3′-enyl)-chromene (18), β-sitosterol (19), dodecyl(Z)-9-hexadecenoate (20) and hexacosanal (21). Compounds 1-4, 6, 11-16, 18, 20, 21 were isolated from the whole herbs of L. virgaurea for the first time. (2) The anti-inflammatory activity in vitro showed that compounds 1-3, 6, 11-16, 17, 19 could significantly inhibited releases of NO at concentration ranging from 1.56 to 50.00 μmol·L-1 (P<0.05 or P<0.01), Compound 5 had no inhibitory effect on the release of NO at a concentration of 50.00 μmol·L-1, but it could inhibit releases of NO at concentrations of 12.50, 25.00 μmol·L-1 (P<0.05). This finding enriches the chemical constituent and biological activity research of L. virgaurea and provides a certain theoretical reference for the future development and utilization of its anti-inflammatory activity.

  • 黄帚橐吾(Ligularia virgaurea)为菊科橐吾属多年生草本植物,是藏药“日肖”的基原植物之一,收载于《中华人民共和国卫生部药品标准·藏药》(1995版)和《青海省藏药标准》(1992版)中,主要分布于我国西藏东北部、云南西北部、四川、青海、甘肃等地,以全草入药,具有清宿热、解毒愈疮、干黄水(青海省卫生厅,1992)、祛风湿(刘守金等,2006)等功效。文献报道黄帚橐吾乙醇提取物对结痂病菌具有抑制作用(Luo et al.,2015),其化学结构类型为倍半萜类、木脂素类、甾体类、苯丙素类等(Wu et al.,2004; Wu et al.,2005a,b; Zhang et al.,2007; Dong et al.,2015; Tori,2016; Qi et al.,2017; Nakashima et al.,2018; Saito et al.,2019),其中倍半萜化合物为主要成分,并且文献报道部分倍半萜和苯丙素化合物具有一定的抗炎活性(郭立敏等,2018; 廖佳慧等,2023)。本课题组前期从黄帚橐吾乙酸乙酯部位分离得到12个化合物(王晓云等,2022),为了进一步研究黄帚橐吾抗炎活性成分,本研究从黄帚橐吾石油醚部位和正丁醇部位分离鉴定出21个化合物,其中化合物1-4611-16182021为首次从黄帚橐吾中分离得到,发现13个潜在的抗炎活性成分,为黄帚橐吾的开发与利用提供一定的化学和药理学基础。

  • 1 仪器与材料

  • 核磁共振波谱仪AX-600型(德国Bruker公司);高效液相色谱仪Waters e2695型(美国Waters公司);Eclipse XD-C18分析型色谱柱(250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm,美国安捷伦科技有限公司);高效液相色谱仪Agilent 1260型(美国安捷伦科技有限公司);ZORBAXSB-C18半制备型色谱柱(250 mm × 9.4 mm,5 μm,美国安捷伦科技有限公司);高分辨质谱仪Triple TOF56型(HR-QTOF-MS,美国AB SCIEX公司);恒温CO2培养箱(2014-88759,新加坡Esco有限公司);Rotavator R-210旋转蒸发仪(瑞士BUCHI公司);MultiskanGo全波长酶标仪(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司)。

  • Sephadex LH-20(瑞士Amersham Pharmacia公司);GF254薄层色谱硅胶(烟台华阳新材料有限公司);ODS反相硅胶(日本Fuji株式会社);Nitric Oxide Detection Kit检测试剂盒(上海碧云天生物科技有限公司);Cell Counting Kit-8试剂盒(大连美仑生物科技有限公司);RAW264.7小鼠单核巨噬细胞(中国科学院细胞库型培养标本库);色谱甲醇(美国TEDIA有限公司);氘代试剂(美国Cambridge Isotope Laboratories,Inc公司);有机试剂(西陇化学有限公司); DMEM高糖培养基、胎牛血清FBS(美国Gibco Life Technologies公司)。

  • 黄帚橐吾于2020年8月采自四川甘孜,由钟国跃研究员鉴定为菊科橐吾属植物黄帚橐吾(Ligularia virgaurea)的干燥全草,标本(20200801)存放于江西中医药大学中药资源与民族药研究中心。

  • 2 方法

  • 2.1 提取和分离

  • 取5.0 kg干燥的黄帚橐吾药材用75%乙醇提取2次,合并浓缩得总浸膏,分别用石油醚、乙酸乙酯以及正丁醇进行萃取(王晓云等,2022),得到石油醚部位(Fr.1)、乙酸乙酯部位(Fr.2)、正丁醇部位(Fr.3)和水部位(Fr.4)。石油醚部位Fr.1(73.8 g)经硅胶柱色谱,用石油醚-乙酸乙酯(100∶2~7∶3,V/V)洗脱,得到6个组分(Fr.1-1~Fr.1-6)。Fr.1-2(12.4 g)经硅胶柱色谱,用石油醚-二氯甲烷(9∶1~7∶3,V/V)进行洗脱,再通过Sephadex LH-20柱色谱(甲醇)以及ODS反相柱色谱(甲醇-水6∶4~9∶1,V/V)等分离手段,得到化合物3(32.0 mg)、18(37.2 mg)、20(21.3 mg)、21(24.3 mg)。Fr.1-3(9.2 g)经硅胶柱色谱,用石油醚-二氯甲烷(7∶3~5∶5,V/V)进行洗脱,再经过ODS反相柱色谱(甲醇-水4∶6~7∶3,V/V)和Sephadex LH-20柱色谱(甲醇)等分离手段,得到化合物1(42.8 mg)、2(21.4 mg)、4(8.7 mg)、5(48.6 mg)、10(12.3 mg)、17(10.2 mg)。

  • 正丁醇部位Fr.3(159.1 g)经硅胶柱色谱,用二氯甲烷-甲醇(100∶5~8∶2,V/V)洗脱后得到6个组分(Fr.3-1~Fr.3-6)。Fr.3-1(10.1 g)经硅胶柱色谱,用石油醚-乙酸乙酯(100∶1~6∶4,V/V)洗脱,再通过Sephadex LH-20柱色谱(甲醇)和ODS反相柱色谱(甲醇-水4∶6~8∶2,V/V)等分离手段,得到化合物14(34.7 mg)、15(45.1 mg)、19(107.1 mg)。Fr.3-2(6.0 g)经硅胶柱色谱,用石油醚-乙酸乙酯(8∶2~5∶5,V/V)进行洗脱,再经过Sephadex LH-20柱色谱(甲醇),得到化合物11(48.0 mg),然后经安捷伦半制备液相色谱,以甲醇-水(37∶63,V/V,228 nm)作为流动相,得到化合物12(10.8 mg,tR = 32.4 min)、13(50.1 mg,tR = 40.6 min)。Fr.3-4(5.6 g)经ODS反相硅胶色谱柱分离,用甲醇-水(1∶9~5∶5,V/V)进行洗脱,然后经硅胶柱色谱和Sephadex LH-20柱色谱(甲醇)等分离手段,得到化合物6(73.2 mg)、7(8.6 mg)、8(5.9 mg)、9(3.4 mg)。Fr.3-5(6.1 g)经ODS反相硅胶柱色谱,用甲醇-水(1∶9~5∶5,V/V)洗脱得到化合物16(20.0 mg)。

  • 2.2 抗炎活性评价

  • 检测化合物1-35611-161719对小鼠RAW264.7细胞的毒性。将对数生长期的RAW264.7细胞接种到96孔板(每孔3 × 104个),固定条件下培养24 h,弃掉上层培养基,并将实验分为空白组、对照组、给药组,每孔设置4个复孔,给药组加入含有不同浓度药物(6.25~100.00 μmol·L-1)的新培养基,处理后,加入CCK-8溶液,孵育30 min,于450 nm波长处测吸光度,根据郭敏侠等(2022)的方法计算细胞存活率,进而确定化合物的安全浓度。

  • 将对数期的RAW264.7细胞接种到96孔板中,密度为每孔3 × 104个,并将实验分为空白组、模型组、甲氨蝶呤组、给药组,每孔设置4个复孔,培养24 h后,将旧培养基弃去,除空白组只加入培养基外,其余各组均加入浓度为1.00 μg·mL-1的LPS进行造模。培养箱培育1 h,取出后,给药组根据细胞毒性的测定结果加入不同浓度的药物(1.56~50.00 μmol·L-1),甲氨蝶呤组加入甲氨蝶呤(0.06 μmol·L-1),模型组和空白组加入新鲜培养基,培养箱培养24 h后,将96孔板取出,并将样品上层的培养基(每孔50 μL)转移至新的96孔板中,避光依次加入(每孔50 μL)Griess A和B试剂,于540 nm波长处测吸光度,计算NO浓度。

  • 3 结果与分析

  • 3.1 结构鉴定

  • 化合物1-21的结构式见图1。

  • 化合物1   淡黄色油状物,分子式为C15H18O2,ESI-MS m/z: 231.1 [M+H]+1H-NMR(600 MHz,Methanol-d4δH: 6.52(1H,d,J = 1.4 Hz,H-6),5.69(1H,s,H-9),2.23(1H,m,H-4),2.07(3H,s,H-14),2.06~1.94(5H,m,H-1,2,3α),1.90(3H,s,H-13),1.71(1H,m,H-3β),0.76(3H,d,J = 7.1 Hz,H-15); 13C-NMR(150 MHz,Methanol-d4δC: 38.6(C-1),25.4(C-2),35.4(C-3),48.9(C-4),156.2(C-5),117.3(C-6),144.6(C-7),147.8(C-8),119.2(C-9),57.5(C-10),112.8(C-11),174.5(C-12),7.8(C-13),23.5(C-14),14.1(C-15)。以上数据与文献(黄帅等,2013)报道基本一致,因此鉴定为spiroeuryolide。

  • 图1 化合物1-21的结构式

  • Fig.1 Structural formulas of compounds 1-21

  • 化合物2   白色固体,分子式为C17H20O3,ESI-MS m/z: 273.1 [M+H]+1H-NMR(600 MHz,Chloroform-dδH: 7.23(1H,d,J = 1.4 Hz,H-12),3.27~3.22(1H,m,H-4),2.85~2.81(1H,m,H-1α),2.57(3H,s,H-14),2.39(3H,s,H-17),2.37(3H,d,J = 1.4 Hz,H-15),1.91~1.75(4H,m,H-2,3),1.19(3H,d,J = 7.1 Hz,H-13); 13C-NMR(150 MHz,Chloroform-dδC: 23.6(C-1),16.7(C-2),30.1(C-3),29.1(C-4),125.1(C-5),135.6(C-6),127.2(C-7),145.3(C-8),131.5(C-9),127.0(C-10),116.9(C-11),141.6(C-12),11.4(C-13),14.4(C-14),20.7(C-15),168.9(C-16),21.5(C-17)。以上数据与文献(Arellano et al.,2018)报道基本一致,因此鉴定为cacalol acetate。

  • 化合物3   黄色固体,分子式为C15H24O,ESI-MS m/z: 221.2 [M+H]+1H-NMR(600 MHz,Chloroform-dδH: 4.63(1H,m,H-10α),4.53(1H,m,H-10β),2.70~2.66(1H,m,H-3),2.35~2.32(1H,m,H-7β),2.15(3H,s,H-15),1.10~1.03(1H,m,H-6β),0.87(3H,d,J = 6.9 Hz,H-12),0.62(3H,d,J = 6.9 Hz,H-13); 13C-NMR(150 MHz,Chloroform-dδC: 27.4(C-1),28.6(C-2),56.1(C-3),52.1(C-4),49.3(C-5),26.6(C-6),35.3(C-7),150.9(C-8),51.8(C-9),103.6(C-10),29.6(C-11),22.0(C-12),15.7(C-13),211.7(C-14),29.0(C-15)。以上数据与文献(Joseph-Nathan et al.,1989)报道基本一致,因此鉴定为oplopenone。

  • 化合物4   淡黄色油状,分子式为C17H24O3,ESI-MS m/z: 277.2 [M+H]+1H-NMR(600 MHz,Chloroform-dδH: 5.57(1H,m,H-1),3.47~3.42(1H,m,H-16α),3.27~3.22(1H,m,H-16β),2.85(1H,d,J = 14.3 Hz,H-9α),2.74(1H,d,J = 13.0 Hz,H-6α),2.44~2.40(1H,m,H-9β),2.16(1H,m,H-2α),2.03(1H,m,H-2β),1.95(1H,d,J = 13.0 Hz,H-6β),1.89(3H,d,J = 1.5 Hz,H-13),1.73~1.67(1H,m,H-4),1.48~1.41(2H,m,H-3),1.16(3H,t,J = 7.0 Hz,H-17),1.00(3H,d,J = 7.0 Hz,H-14),0.82(3H,s,H-15); 13C-NMR(150 MHz,Chloroform-dδC: 126.2(C-1),25.8(C-2),27.1(C-3),40.5(C-4),41.2(C-5),37.5(C-6),158.2(C-7),106.2(C-8),44.0(C-9),136.4(C-10),124.6(C-11),172.1(C-12),8.2(C-13),15.9(C-14),17.9(C-15),58.7(C-16),15.4(C-17)。以上数据与文献(Wiemer et al.,1990)报道基本一致,因此鉴定为8-ethyl-palmosalide A。

  • 化合物5   淡黄色固体,分子式为C15H18O2,ESI-MS m/z: 231.1 [M+H]+1H-NMR(600 MHz,Chloroform-dδH: 7.26(1H,d,J = 1.3 Hz,H-8),6.85(1H,s,H-4),5.56~5.45(2H,m,H-13,14),2.77(2H,t,J = 7.3 Hz,H-11),2.36(3H,s,H-10),2.15(3H,d,J = 1.3 Hz,H-9),1.63(3H,d,J = 6.1 Hz,H-15); 13C-NMR(150 MHz,Chloroform-dδC: 138.8(C-1),122.9(C-2),131.9(C-3),111.9(C-4),127.7(C-5),142.7(C-6),116.2(C-7),140.8(C-8),8.0(C-9),20.1(C-10),26.8(C-11),32.6(C-12),131.3(C-13),125.4(C-14),18.1(C-15)。以上数据与文献(Liu et al.,2007; Sun et al.,2007)报道基本一致,因此鉴定为1-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-(pent-3-enyl)benzofuran。

  • 化合物6   白色粉末,分子式为C28H36O13,ESI-MS m/z: 603.0 [M+Na]+1H-NMR(600 MHz,Pyridine-d5δH: 7.00(2H,s,H-1,1′),6.98(2H,s,H-5,5′),5.02(2H,br s,H-7,7′),4.35(4H,m,H-9,9′),3.86(6H,s,H-10,10′),3.84(6H,s,H-11,11′),3.31~3.24(2H,m,H-8,8′); 13C-NMR(150 MHz,Pyridine-d5δC: 132.1(C-1),105.0(C-2),154.0(C-3),138.4(C-4),154.0(C-5),105.0(C-6),86.6(C-7),55.0(C-8),72.3(C-9),56.6(C-10),56.8(C-11),130.2(C-1′),104.8(C-2′),149.3(C-3′),137.3(C-4′),149.3(C-5′),104.8(C-6′),86.3(C-7′),54.9(C-8′),72.2(C-9′),56.6(C-10′),56.8(C-11′),104.9(C-1″),76.1(C-2″),78.4(C-3″),71.6(C-4″),78.7(C-5″),62.4(C-6″)。以上数据与文献(刘科兰等,2016)报道基本一致,因此鉴定为丁香脂素-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷。

  • 化合物7   白色粉末,分子式为C26H32O11,ESI-MS m/z: 543.0 [M+Na]+1H-NMR(600 MHz,Methanol-d4δH: 7.14(1H,d,J = 8.3 Hz,H-5),7.03(1H,d,J = 1.8 Hz,H-2),6.95(1H,d,J = 1.5 Hz,H-2′),6.91(1H,dd,J = 8.3,1.8 Hz,H-6),6.81(1H,dd,J = 8.1,1.5 Hz,H-6′),6.77(1H,d,J = 8.1 Hz,H-5′),4.75(1H,d,J = 4.4,H-7),4.71(1H,d,J = 4.0 Hz,H-7′),4.25~4.21(2H,m,H-9,9′),3.87(3H,s,H-10),3.85(3H,s,H-10′),3.12(2H,m,H-8,8′); 13C-NMR(150 MHz,Methanol-d4δC: 137.4(C-1),111.6(C-2),147.5(C-3),150.9(C-4),118.0(C-5),120.0(C-6),87.1(C-7),55.5(C-8),72.7(C-9),56.7(C-10),133.7(C-1′),111.0(C-2′),147.3(C-3′),149.1(C-4′),116.1(C-5′),119.8(C-6′),87.5(C-7′),55.3(C-8′),72.7(C-9′),56.4(C-10′),102.8(C-1″),74.9(C-2″),78.0(C-3″),71.3(C-4″),77.8(C-5″),62.5(C-6″)。以上数据与文献(张彦龙等,2008)报道基本一致,因此鉴定为松脂酚-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷。

  • 化合物8   白色粉末,分子式为C27H34O12,ESI-MS m/z: 573.0 [M+Na]+1H-NMR(600 MHz,Methanol-d4δH: 7.15(1H,d,J = 7.8 Hz,H-5),7.04(1H,br s,H-2),6.93(1H,br d,J = 7.8 Hz,H-6),6.66(2H,s,H-2′,6′),4.77~4.72(2H,overlap,H-7,7′),4.27~4.25(2H,m,H-9β,9′β),3.88(3H,s,H-10),3.85(6H,s,H-11,12),3.14(2H,m,H-8,8′); 13C-NMR(150 MHz,Methanol-d4δC: 133.1(C-1),104.5(C-2),149.3(C-3),137.5(C-4),149.3(C-5),104.5(C-6),87.6(C-7),55.5(C-8),72.7(C-9),56.8(C-10),56.8(C-11),56.7(C-12),136.2(C-1′),111.6(C-2′),151.0(C-3′),147.5(C-4′),118.0(C-5′),119.8(C-6′),87.1(C-7′),55.5(C-8′),72.8(C-9′),102.8(C-1″),74.9(C-2″),77.8(C-3″),71.3(C-4″),78.2(C-5″),62.5(C-6″)。以上数据与文献(南泽东等,2015)报道基本一致,因此鉴定为isoeucommin A。

  • 化合物9   白色粉末,分子式为C27H34O12,ESI-MS m/z: 573.0 [M+Na]+1H-NMR(600 MHz,Methanol-d4δH: 6.96~6.73(5H,overlap,H-2,2′,5′,6,6′),4.76~4.71(2H,overlap,H-7,7′),4.29~4.24(2H,m,H-9β,9′β),3.86(9H,s,H-10,11,12),3.30~3.14(2H,m,H-8,8′); 13C-NMR(150 MHz,Methanol-d4δC: 135.6(C-1),104.8(C-2,6),154.4(C-3,5),139.6(C-4),87.4(C-7),55.4(C-8),72.9(C-9),57.1(C-10,11),56.4(C-12),133.7(C-1′),111.0(C-2′),149.1(C-3′),147.3(C-4′),116.1(C-5′),120.1(C-6′),(C-7′),55.8(C-8′),72.7(C-9′),105.3(C-1″),75.7(C-2″),77.8(C-3″),71.3(C-4″),78.3(C-5″),62.6(C-6″)。以上数据与文献(南泽东等,2015)报道基本一致,因此鉴定为eucommin A。

  • 化合物10   无色针状晶体(二氯甲烷),分子式为C11H10O4,ESI-MS m/z: 207.1 [M+H]+1H-NMR(600 MHz,Chloroform-dδH: 7.88(1H,d,J = 9.4 Hz,H-4),7.13(1H,s,H-5),6.97(1H,s,H-8),6.26(1H,d,J = 9.4 Hz,H-3),3.92(3H,s,H-11),3.88(3H,s,H-12); 13C-NMR(150 MHz,Chloroform-dδC: 163.8(C-2),113.5(C-3),145.9(C-4),109.9(C-5),148.1(C-6),154.7(C-7),100.9(C-8),151.2(C-9),113.0(C-10),56.9(C-11),56.8(C-12)。以上数据与文献(肖炳坤等,2005)报道基本一致,因此鉴定为6,7-二甲氧基香豆素。

  • 化合物11   淡黄色固体,分子式为C10H10O4,ESI-MS m/z: 217.0 [M+Na]+1H-NMR(600 MHz,Methanol-d4δH: 7.60(1H,d,J = 15.9 Hz,H-7),7.20(1H,d,J = 2.0 Hz,H-2),7.07(1H,dd,J = 8.2,2.0 Hz,H-6),6.81(1H,d,J = 8.2 Hz,H-5),6.31(1H,d,J = 15.9 Hz,H-8),3.90(3H,s,H-12); 13C-NMR(150 MHz,Methanol-d4δC: 127.8(C-1),116.4(C-2),150.5(C-3),149.4(C-4),115.9(C-5),124.0(C-6),146.9(C-7),111.7(C-8),171.0(C-9),56.4(C-10)。以上数据与文献(Shen et al.,2010)报道基本一致,因此鉴定为阿魏酸。

  • 化合物12   白色粉末,分子式为C11H12O4,ESI-MS m/z: 231.0 [M+Na]+1H-NMR(600 MHz,Methanol-d4δH: 7.54(1H,d,J = 15.9 Hz,H-7),7.04(1H,d,J = 2.0 Hz,H-2),6.95(1H,dd,J = 8.1,2.0 Hz,H-6),6.78(1H,d,J = 8.1 Hz,H-5),6.25(1H,d,J = 15.9 Hz,H-8),4.22(2H,q,J = 7.1 Hz,H-1′),1.31(3H,t,J = 7.1 Hz,H-2′); 13C-NMR(150 MHz,Methanol-d4δC: 127.7(C-1),115.1(C-2),146.8(C-3),149.5(C-4),116.5(C-5),122.9(C-6),146.7(C-7),115.2(C-8),169.3(C-9),61.4(C-1′),14.6(C-2′)。以上数据与文献(戴忠等,2006)报道基本一致,因此鉴定为咖啡酸乙酯。

  • 化合物13   白色粉末,分子式为C10H10O4,ESI-MS m/z: 217.0 [M+Na]+1H-NMR(600 MHz,Methanol-d4δH: 7.55(1H,d,J = 15.9 Hz,H-7),7.04(1H,d,J = 2.0 Hz,H-2),6.95(1H,dd,J = 8.2,2.0 Hz,H-6),6.78(1H,d,J = 8.2 Hz,H-5),6.27(1H,d,J = 15.9 Hz,H-8),3.76(3H,s,H-10); 13C-NMR(150 MHz,Methanol-d4δC: 127.7(C-1),114.8(C-2),146.9(C-3),149.6(C-4),116.5(C-5),122.9(C-6),146.8(C-7),115.1(C-8),169.7(C-9),52.0(C-10)。以上数据与文献(Prevost et al.,2013)报道基本一致,因此鉴定为咖啡酸甲酯。

  • 化合物14   白色粉末,分子式为C11H12O4,ESI-MS m/z: 231.0 [M+Na]+1H-NMR(600 MHz,Methanol-d4δH: 7.61(1H,d,J = 15.8 Hz,H-7),7.18(1H,d,J = 2.0 Hz,H-2),7.08(1H,dd,J = 8.2,2.0 Hz,H-6),6.82(1H,d,J = 8.2 Hz,H-5),6.37(1H,d,J = 15.8 Hz,H-8),3.89(3H,s,H-10),3.77(3H,s,H-11); 13C-NMR(150 MHz,Methanol-d4δC: 126.3(C-1),110.3(C-2),147.9(C-3),149.2(C-4),115.1(C-5),122.7(C-6),145.4(C-7),113.8(C-8),168.3(C-9),55.0(C-10),50.6(C-11)。以上数据与文献(Karakousi et al.,2020)报道基本一致,因此鉴定为阿魏酸甲酯。

  • 化合物15   白色粉末,分子式为C12H14O4,ESI-MS m/z: 223.0 [M+H]+1H-NMR(600 MHz,Methanol-d4δH: 7.60(1H,d,J = 15.9 Hz,H-7),7.18(1H,d,J = 2.0 Hz,H-2),7.07(1H,dd,J = 8.2,2.0 Hz,H-6),6.82(1H,d,J = 8.2 Hz,H-5),6.35(1H,d,J = 15.9 Hz,H-8),4.23(2H,q,J = 7.1 Hz,H-10),3.90(3H,s,H-12),1.32(3H,t,J = 7.1 Hz,H-11); 13C-NMR(150 MHz,Methanol-d4δC: 127.7(C-1),115.6(C-2),149.3(C-3),150.5(C-4),116.4(C-5),124.0(C-6),146.6(C-7),111.7(C-8),169.2(C-9),61.4(C-10),14.6(C-11),56.4(C-12)。以上数据与文献(孙志国等,2018)报道基本一致,因此鉴定为阿魏酸乙酯。

  • 化合物16   浅黄色固体,分子式为C9H10O4,ESI-MS m/z: 183.0 [M+H]+1H-NMR(600 MHz,Methanol-d4δH: 7.49(1H,d,J = 15.8 Hz,H-7),6.99(1H,d,J = 2.0 Hz,H-2),6.88(1H,dd,J = 8.2,2.0 Hz,H-6),6.73(1H,d,J = 8.2 Hz,H-5),6.17(1H,d,J = 15.8 Hz,H-8); 13C-NMR(150 MHz,Methanol-d4δC: 127.8(C-1),115.1(C-2),146.8(C-3),149.4(C-4),116.5(C-5),122.8(C-6),147.0(C-7),115.6(C-8),171.1(C-9)。以上数据与文献(林建斌等,2016)报道基本一致,因此鉴定为咖啡酸。

  • 化合物17   黄色油状物,分子式为C18H26O2,ESI-MS m/z: 275.2 [M+H]+1H-NMR(600 MHz,Chloroform-dδH: 6.58(1H,d,J = 3.0 Hz,H-5),6.53(1H,d,J = 3.0 Hz,H-3),5.30(1H,t,J = 7.2 Hz,H-2′),5.07(1H,t,J = 6.5 Hz,H-6′),4.80(1H,br s,OH),3.74(3H,s,H-8),3.33(2H,d,J = 7.2 Hz,H-1′),2.22(3H,s,H-7),2.15~2.07(4H,overlap,H-4′,5′),1.78(3H,s,H-10′),1.69(3H,s,H-8′),1.60(3H,s,H-9′); 13C-NMR(150 MHz,Chloroform-dδC: 146.9(C-1),125.6(C-2),113.1(C-3),153.2(C-4),114.2(C-5),127.4(C-6),16.4(C-7),55.8(C-8),30.7(C-1′),121.8(C-2′),138.9(C-3′),39.8(C-4′),26.5(C-5′),123.9(C-6′),132.2(C-7′),25.8(C-8′),17.9(C-9′),16.3(C-10′)。以上数据与文献(Resch et al.,2001)报道基本一致,因此鉴定为2-[(2′E)-3′,7′-dimethyl-2′,6′-octadienyl]-4-methoxy-6-methylphenol。

  • 化合物18   淡黄色油状物,分子式为C18H24O2,ESI-MS m/z: 273.2 [M+H]+1H-NMR(600 MHz,Chloroform-dδH: 6.57(1H,d,J = 2.9 Hz,H-7),6.40(1H,d,J = 2.9 Hz,H-5),6.30(1H,d,J = 9.8 Hz,H-3),5.59(1H,d,J = 9.8 Hz,H-2),5.12(1H,t,J = 7.2 Hz,H-3′),3.74(3H,s,H-11),2.18(3H,s,H-10),1.68(3H,s,H-5′),1.59(3H,s,H-6′),1.38(3H,s,H-7′); 13C-NMR(150 MHz,Chloroform-dδC: 77.8(C-1),130.7(C-2),121.2(C-3),123.2(C-4),108.9(C-5),153.0(C-6),116.2(C-7),126.3(C-8),145.1(C-9),15.7(C-10),55.7(C-11),40.98(C-1′),22.8(C-2′),124.4(C-3′),131.7(C-4′),25.8(C-5′),17.7(C-6′),26.1(C-7′)。以上数据与文献(Capon et al.,1981; Resch et al.,1998)报道基本一致,因此鉴定为2,8-dimethyl-6-methoxy-2-(4′-methylpent-3′-enyl)-chromene。

  • 化合物19   白色粉末,分子式为C29H50O,ESI-MS m/z: 415.4 [M+H]+1H-NMR(600 MHz,Chloroform-dδH: 5.32(1H,t,J = 2.8 Hz,H-6),2.28~2.18(1H,m,H-2α),2.05~1.93(1H,m,H-12α),1.85~1.80(2H,m,H-7),1.68~1.62(3H,overlap,H-1α,2β,25),1.55~1.40(3H,m,H-8,15),1.35(5H,m,H-11,20,22),1.28(4H,m,H-16,28),1.25(2H,m,H-23),1.15(2H,m,H-12β,17),0.99(3H,s,H-19),0.90(3H,d,J = 6.4 Hz,H-26),0.66(3H,s,H-18); 13C-NMR(150 MHz,Chloroform-dδC: 37.4(C-1),31.7(C-2),71.8(C-3),42.3(C-4),140.9(C-5),121.7(C-6),32.0(C-7),32.0(C-8),50.2(C-9),36.3(C-10),21.2(C-11),39.9(C-12),42.4(C-13),56.9(C-14),24.4(C-15),28.4(C-16),56.2(C-17),12.1(C-18),19.5(C-19),36.3(C-20),18.9(C-21),34.0(C-22),26.2(C-23),45.9(C-24),29.2(C-25),19.2(C-26),19.9(C-27),23.2(C-28),12.0(C-29)。以上数据与文献(Kadowaki et al.,2003)报道基本一致,因此鉴定为β-谷甾醇。

  • 化合物20   淡黄色油状物,分子式为C28H54O2,ESI-MS m/z: 421.4 [M-H]-1H-NMR(600 MHz,Chloroform-dδH: 5.33(2H,m,H-9,10),4.11(2H,t,J = 7.0 Hz,H-1′),2.27(2H,t,J = 7.6 Hz,H-2),2.13(2H,m,H-8,11),1.62(4H,m,H-3,2′),1.36~1.21(34H,m,H-4-6,12-15,3′-11′),0.87(6H,t,J = 7.0 Hz,H-16,12′); 13C-NMR(150 MHz,Chloroform-dδC: 174.0(C-1),34.5(C-2),25.1(C-3),29.3(C-4),29.8(C-5),29.8(C-6),29.7(C-7),27.3(C-8),130.2(C-9),130.3(C-10),27.3(C-11),29.5(C-12),29.3(C-13),31.7(C-14),22.7(C-15),14.4(C-16),64.3(C-1′),29.2(C-2′),25.8(C-3′),29.3(C-4′),29.3(C-5′),29.3(C-6′),29.3(C-7′),29.5(C-8′),29.3(C-9′),32.0(C-10′),22.8(C-11′),14.2(C-12′)。以上数据与文献(陈丹丹等,2021)报道基本一致,因此鉴定为dodecyl(Z)-9-hexadecenoate。

  • 化合物21   淡黄色油状物,分子式为C26H52O,ESI-MS m/z: 381.4 [M+H]+1H-NMR(600 MHz,Chloroform-dδH: 9.76(1H,s,H-1),2.42(2H,t,J = 7.3 Hz,H-2),1.33~1.25(46H,overlap,H-3-25),0.88(3H,t,J = 6.8 Hz,H-26); 13C-NMR(150 MHz,Chloroform-dδC: 203.0(C-1),43.4(C-2),22.7(C-3),29.7(C-4-23),31.9(C-24),22.1(C-25),14.1(C-26)。以上数据与文献(Govindan et al.,2019)报道基本一致,因此鉴定为hexacosanal。

  • 3.2 抗炎活性评价结果

  • 利用CCK-8法对分离得到的部分化合物进行细胞毒性测定,结果表明,化合物1-3611121719在浓度为6.25 μmol·L-1,化合物514-16在浓度为50.00 μmol·L-1以及化合物13在浓度为12.50 μmol·L-1以下时,对RAW264.7细胞无明显的细胞毒性。RAW264.7细胞经过LPS(1.00 μg·mL-1)刺激24 h后,与空白组比较,模型组中释放的NO含量显著增加(P<0.01);与模型组比较,化合物1-3611-161719在检测浓度(1.56~50.00 μmol·L-1)下均能显著抑制NO的释放量(P<0.05或P<0.01),化合物5在浓度为50.00 μmol·L-1时对NO的释放量无抑制作用,但在12.50、25.00 μmol·L-1浓度下,对NO的释放量有抑制作用(P<0.05),结果表明上述化合物均具有一定的抗炎活性(表1)。

  • 4 讨论与结论

  • 橐吾属植物主要成分为倍半萜、三萜、苯丙素等,具有抗肿瘤、抗炎等作用(廖佳慧等,2023)。本研究从黄帚橐吾石油醚部位和正丁醇部位分离得到21个化合物,包括5个倍半萜化合物(1-5)、4个木脂素类化合物(6-9)、9个苯环类化合物(10-18)以及3个其他类化合物(19-21),其中化合物1-4611-16182021为首次从黄帚橐吾中分离得到。

  • 黄帚橐吾为藏药“日肖”的基原植物之一,其具有清宿热、解毒愈疮、干黄水、祛风湿等功效,目前尚未见相关抗炎活性报道。因此,本研究采用LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞模型对部分单体化合物进行抗炎活性研究发现化合物1-35(倍半萜类)、6(木脂素类)、11-1617(苯环类)、19 (甾体类)等共13个潜在的抗炎活性成分。根据文献可知,化合物2通过影响 LPS/NF-κB来产生潜在抗炎活性(Mora-Ramiro et al.,2020);化合物5既没有抗肿瘤活性也没有抗菌活性,其药理活性有待开发(Liu et al.,2007; 孙晓白,2007);化合物6通过对5-脂氧合酶的抑制作用产生抗炎活性(夏侯真如等,2022);化合物11通过抑制p38 MAPK的信号传导来产生抗炎活性(韦子强等, 2023);化合物121316主要为抗氧化作用(胡婷,2013; 王美娇等,2019);化合物14可作为阿魏酸前药,产生抗炎活性(Botti et al.,2022);化合物15为阿魏酸乙酯,其与多通路及多蛋白间存在相互性,揭示其可能是通过多成分、多靶点及多途径来达到抗炎的作用 (王加楠等,2023); 化合物17通过抑制5-LOX和COX-1的活性位点产生抗炎活性(Resch et al.,2001);化合物19通过抑制TNF-α诱导的MH7A细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭和炎症因子分泌来产生抗炎作用(谷慧敏等,2023)。本研究丰富了黄帚橐吾的化学成分,明确了其抗炎活性成分,为后续黄帚橐吾抗炎活性的开发和利用提供了一定基础。

  • 表1 单体化合物对RAW264.7细胞NO释放量的影响(平均值±标准差,n=3)

  • Table1 Effects of monomeric compounds on the releases of NO in RAW264.7 cells (x-±s, n=3)

  • 注:与模型组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01; 与空白组比较,##P<0.01。

  • Note: Compared with the model group, *P<0.05, **P<0.01; compared with the blank group, ## P<0.01.

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    • Pharmacopoeia Commission of the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China, 1995. Drug Standards of the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China: Tibetan Medicine Vol. I [S]. Beijing: Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China: 91. [中华人民共和国卫生部药典委员会, 1995. 中华人民共和国卫生部药品标准: 藏药: 第一册 [S]. 北京: 中华人民共和国卫生部: 91. ]

    • PREVOST MS, DELARUE-COCHIN S, MARTEAUX J, et al. , 2013. Identification of cinnamic acid derivatives as novel antagonists of the prokaryotic proton-gated ion channel GLIC [J]. Med Chem, 56(11): 4619-4630.

    • QI FM, DONG LL, LI ZY, et al. , 2017. Eremophilane-type sesquiterpenes from the leaves of Ligularia virgaurea [J]. Nat Prod Commun, 12(3): 323-325.

    • Qinghai Provincial Health Department, 1992. Qinghai tibetan medicinal materials standard [S]. Qinghai: Qinghai Provincial Health Department: 56. [青海省卫生厅, 1992. 青海省藏药标准 [S]. 青海: 青海省卫生厅: 56. ]

    • RESCH M, HEILMANN J, STEIGEL A, et al. , 2001. Further phenols and polyacetylenes from the rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea and their anti-inflammatory activity [J]. Planta Med, 67(5): 437-442.

    • RESCH M, STEIGEL A, CHEN ZL, et al. , 1998. 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitory active compounds from Atractylodes lancea [J]. J Nat Prod, 61(3): 347-350.

    • SAITO Y, IGA S, HOSHIYAMA K, et al. , 2019. Eremophilane, bakkane, secoeremophilane, and secobakkane sesquiterpenoids from Ligularia virgaurea collected in China [J]. Tetrahedron, 75(14): 2239-2245.

    • SHEN YH, LU T, TANG J, et al. , 2010. Chemical constituents from Incarvillea delavayi [J]. Chem Nat Comp, 46(2): 305-307.

    • SUN XB, 2007. Studies on the chemical constituents of Polygomm bistorta and Ligularia virgaurea [D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University: 31-36. [孙晓白, 2007. 拳参和黄帚橐吾化学成分研究 [D]. 兰州: 兰州大学: 31-36. ]

    • SUN XB, XU YJ, FENG QD, et al. , 2007. Sesquiterpenoids from the rhizome of Ligularia virgaurea [J]. Helv Chim Acta, 90(9): 1705-1711.

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    • TORI M, 2016. Terpenoid composition and base sequences of Ligularia virgaurea (Asteraceae) grown in the Hengduan mountain area in China and a comment on drawing structures [J]. Chem Pharm Bull, 64(3): 193-206.

    • WANG JN, BAI PJ, FU DN, et al. , 2023. Study on the mechanism of ethyl ferulate in treatment of inflammatory on network pharmacology [J]. Guangdong Chem Ind, 50(13): 29-31. [王加楠, 白鹏举, 付丹妮, 等, 2023. 基于网络药理学的阿魏酸乙酯抗炎的作用机制研究 [J]. 广东化工, 50(13): 29-31. ]

    • WANG MJ, WANG JL, WANG D, et al. , 2019. Study on chemical constituents of Artemisia integrifolia (Ⅱ) [J]. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs, 50(22): 5411-5418. [王美娇, 王金兰, 王丹, 等, 2019. 柳蒿化学成分研究(Ⅱ) [J]. 中草药, 50(22): 5411-5418. ]

    • WANG XY, LIAO JH, LIU CX, et al. , 2022. Chemical constituents from ethyl acetate extract of Ligularia virgaurea whole herb [J]. Chin Med Mat, 45(6): 1354-1357. [王晓云, 廖佳慧, 刘晨熙, 等, 2022. 黄帚橐吾乙酸乙酯部位化学成分研究 [J]. 中药材, 45(6): 1354-1357. ]

    • WEI ZQ, ZHANG WW, GUO JL, et al. , 2023. Effect of ferulic acid on M1 polarization of macrophages by inhibiting p38 MAPK signaling [J]. J Guangdong Pharm Univ, 39(3): 68-72. [韦子强, 张雯雯, 郭嘉亮, 等, 2023. 阿魏酸抑制p38 MAPK信号传导对巨噬细胞M1极化的作用 [J]. 广东药科大学学报, 39(3): 68-72. ]

    • WIEMER DF, WOLFE LK, FENICAL W, et al. , 1990. Palmosalides A-C, new sesquiterpenoids from the Indian Ocean telestacean octocoral Coelogorgia palmosa [J]. Tetrahedron Lett, 31(14): 1973-1976.

    • WU QX, LIU X, SHI YP, 2005a. A novel dimeric eremophilane from Ligularia virgaurea spp. oligocephala [J]. Chin Chem Lett, 16(11): 61-64.

    • WU QX, SHI YP, LI Y, 2004. Three novel eremophilanolides from Ligularia virgaurea spp. oligocephala [J]. Chin Chem Lett, 15(12): 1441-1444.

    • WU QX, YANG AM, SHI YP, et al. , 2005b. Sesquiterpenoids from Ligularia virgaurea spp. oligocephala [J]. Tetrahedron Lett, 61(44): 10529-10535.

    • XIAHOU ZR, WANG XY, PAN J, et al. , 2022. Screening of 5-LOX inhibitors of lignans in Litsea based on de novo evolution and ADMET(Ⅱ) [J]. J Yunnan Univ ( Nat Sci Ed), 44(4): 800-811. [夏侯真如, 汪欣怡, 潘捷, 等, 2022. 基于从头设计及ADMET的木姜子属中木脂素类化合物5-LOX抑制剂筛选研究(Ⅱ) [J]. 云南大学学报(自然科学版), 44(4): 800-811. ]

    • XIAO BK, LIU YM, FENG SX, et al. , 2005. Studies on chemical constituents of the leaves of Chimonanthus nitens(I) [J]. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs, 36(2): 187-189. [肖炳坤, 刘耀明, 冯淑香, 等, 2005. 山蜡梅叶的化学成分研究(I) [J]. 中草药, 36(2): 187-189. ]

    • ZHANG YL, ZENG WM, WANG HR, et al. , 2008. Study on the antioxidant active components of lignans in Dryopteris fragrans [J]. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs, 39(3): 343-346. [张彦龙, 曾伟民, 王慧荣, 等, 2008. 香鳞毛蕨中木脂素类抗氧化活性成分的研究 [J]. 中草药, 39(3): 343-346. ]

    • ZHANG ZX, LIN CJ, LI PL, et al. , 2007. New weakly cytotoxic eremophilane sesquiterpenes from the roots of Ligularia virgaurea [J]. Planta Med, 73(6): 585-590.

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    • WU QX, LIU X, SHI YP, 2005a. A novel dimeric eremophilane from Ligularia virgaurea spp. oligocephala [J]. Chin Chem Lett, 16(11): 61-64.

    • WU QX, SHI YP, LI Y, 2004. Three novel eremophilanolides from Ligularia virgaurea spp. oligocephala [J]. Chin Chem Lett, 15(12): 1441-1444.

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    • XIAHOU ZR, WANG XY, PAN J, et al. , 2022. Screening of 5-LOX inhibitors of lignans in Litsea based on de novo evolution and ADMET(Ⅱ) [J]. J Yunnan Univ ( Nat Sci Ed), 44(4): 800-811. [夏侯真如, 汪欣怡, 潘捷, 等, 2022. 基于从头设计及ADMET的木姜子属中木脂素类化合物5-LOX抑制剂筛选研究(Ⅱ) [J]. 云南大学学报(自然科学版), 44(4): 800-811. ]

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    • ZHANG YL, ZENG WM, WANG HR, et al. , 2008. Study on the antioxidant active components of lignans in Dryopteris fragrans [J]. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs, 39(3): 343-346. [张彦龙, 曾伟民, 王慧荣, 等, 2008. 香鳞毛蕨中木脂素类抗氧化活性成分的研究 [J]. 中草药, 39(3): 343-346. ]

    • ZHANG ZX, LIN CJ, LI PL, et al. , 2007. New weakly cytotoxic eremophilane sesquiterpenes from the roots of Ligularia virgaurea [J]. Planta Med, 73(6): 585-590.