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作者简介:

赵倩倩(1996—),硕士研究生,主要从事天然产物化学研究,(E-mail)2413737899@qq.com。

通讯作者:

朱靖博,博士,二级教授,主要从事天然产物化学与利用研究,(E-mail)2817638020@qq.com。

中图分类号:Q943

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1000-3142(2024)04-1042-10

DOI:10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202304019

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目录contents

    摘要

    为建立云南红豆杉(Taxus yunnanensis)中10-去乙酰基巴卡亭Ⅲ(10-DAB Ⅲ)和紫杉醇(Taxol)的分析方法,该研究采用基质固相萃取-高效液相色谱分析(MSPD-HPLC)对云南红豆杉中的10-DAB Ⅲ及Taxol进行定量分析,探究硅胶、佛罗里硅土、酸性氧化铝、中性氧化铝、碱性氧化铝、C18、C18-ME、C18-G1、C18-HC、Diol、Xamide、Xion 共12种样品预处理分散剂及各种分散剂的质量、洗脱剂的种类、洗脱剂的浓度、洗脱剂体积对两种成分分析的影响,并对优化后的条件进行方法学验证,同时与超声提取、热回流提取预处理方法进行比较分析证明其有效性。结果表明:(1)12种固相分散剂中,碱性氧化铝具有良好的目标化合物萃取物检出量,并且当碱性氧化铝与样品的质量比为3∶1、6 mL甲醇为洗脱剂洗脱时,10-DAB Ⅲ和Taxol的萃取检出量较高。(2)建立的云南红豆杉枝叶中10-DAB Ⅲ和Taxol的分析方法具有良好的线性关系(r≥0.9999),10-DAB Ⅲ和Taxol的检出限和定量限分别介于0.0239~0.0301 μg·mL-1和0.142~0.178 μg·mL-1之间;各目标分析物平均加样回收率在93.6%~109.0%之间。(3)比较分析显示,3种方法对2种紫杉烷类化合物的萃取检出量基本无差别,但MSPD法溶剂消耗少、操作简单,分析时间短,净化效率高,可应用于云南红豆杉原料的快速分析。该研究以碱性氧化铝为分散剂应用于云南红豆杉紫杉烷类化合物的萃取,建立了快速、高效的云南红豆杉中10-DAB Ⅲ和紫杉醇的分析方法,为云南红豆杉中的紫杉烷类化合物的定量分析提供了依据。

    Abstract

    This research aimed to establish an analytical method for the quantification of 10-deacetylbaccatin Ⅲ (10-DAB Ⅲ) and Taxol in Taxus yunnanensis. The method of matrix solid phase dispersion coupled with high performance liquid chromatography (MSPD-HPLC) was used for the respective quantification of 10-DAB Ⅲ and Taxol of T. yunnanensis. The influences of various parameters were investigated, including 12 types of solid-phase dispersants (silica gel, florisil, acid alumina, neutral alumina, alkaline alumina, C18, C18-ME, C18-G1, C18-HC, Diol, Xamide, Xion), the mass of the dispersants, and the type, concentration, and volume of the eluent on the analysis of the two components. After optimization of these conditions, the methodology was validated. Additionally, a comparative analysis was conducted with the conventional ultrasonic extraction and hot reflux extraction pretreatment methods to ascertain their effectiveness of our novel method. The results were as follows: (1) Among the 12 solid-phase dispersants examined, alkaline alumina yielded a superior extraction detection rate for 10-DAB Ⅲ and Taxol when used in a 3∶1 ratio with the sample mass and 6 mL of methanol as the eluent. (2) The developed 10-DAB Ⅲ and Taxol analysis method in T. yunnanensis demonstrated that excellent linearity (r≥0.9999) with limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for 10-DAB Ⅲ and Taxol ranging from 0.0239 to 0.0301 μg·mL-1 and from 0.142 to 0.178 μg·mL-1, respectively. The average recoveries of the target analytes varied between 93.6% and 109.0%. (3) A comparative analysis revealed that negligible differences in extraction detection of the two taxanes between the three methods. However, the MSPD method stood out due to its lower solvent consumption, simple operation, short analysis time and high purification efficiency, making it more suitable for the rapid analysis of T. yunnanensis raw materials. Therefore, this study presents a rapid and efficient analytical method for the extraction and analysis of 10-DAB Ⅲ and Taxol in T. yunnanensis, using alkaline alumina as a dispersant, providing a significant contribution to the quantitative analysis of taxanes in this species.

    Keywords

    Taxus yunnanensis10-DAB ⅢTaxolMSPDHPLC

  • 云南红豆杉(Taxus yunnanensis)为红豆杉科(Taxaceae)红豆杉属(Taxus)植物,全世界约有11种(柏培磊,2012)。红豆杉的主要活性成分是紫杉烷类化合物,其中以Taxol和10-DAB Ⅲ等最为人们所熟知(王炯等,2017)。紫杉醇对子宫癌、卵巢癌等(Yang &Horwitz,2017)多种癌症具有良好的疗效,10-DAB Ⅲ不仅具有抑制肿瘤的作用,同时也是半合成紫杉醇和多烯紫杉醇等抗癌药物的重要前体物(马淑桢和吴绵斌,2006)。因此,快速准确分析红豆杉中这两种成分具有重要的现实意义。

  • 红豆杉中的紫杉烷类化合物分析主要采用HPLC、UPLC、HPLC-MS、UPLC-MS法等。不同品种红豆杉原料中的10-DAB Ⅲ、三尖杉宁碱、紫杉醇等多种紫杉烷类化合物的含量通常采用C18或Pentafluorophenyl柱的HPLC法分析(Zu et al.,2006; Fu et al.,2009;马生军等,2017;冯永林等,2017;崔海超等,2022)。张静采用UPLC分析了红豆杉中的10-DAB Ⅲ等3个有效成分(张静等,2011);赵春芳、Luo建立了LC-MS-MS方法分析红豆杉中的紫杉烷类化合物(赵春芳和余龙江,2006;Luo et al.,2009)。以上分析方法在分析样本前处理方面采取了传统的回流提取法或超声辅助提取法及在样品净化处理时采用液液萃取、SPE净化,存在样品需要量大、有毒有机溶剂消耗量多、前处理时间长等缺点(江璐依,2020)。

  • 基质固相萃取(matrix solid phase dispersion,MSPD)法是由Staren Barker教授提出的样品分析预处理方法(Barker et al.,1989),适用于固态、半固态或具有一定黏度样品(Barker,2000),对目标化合物具有净化、富集作用,其具有消耗时间少、操作简单等优点。MSPD方法的原理是利用分析物的分子结构特征及分散剂的不同性质,通过研钵将样品及分散剂磨碎并混匀,再用洗脱剂洗脱后进行定量分析。目前,MSPD已经广泛应用到食品药物残留测定、天然产物和药物的提取和分析中。刘雷等(2020)采用MSPD-UPLC法同时测定狼毒大戟中4种成分;Wei等(2011)以碱性氧化铝为分散剂,用乙腈-水混合溶液洗脱,采用MSPD-HPLC法对草乌中的4种生物碱进行分析、净化;Lu等(2011)采用在线MSPD-HPLC/MS法,用于分析草鱼中的药物残留;Li等(2014)基于磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子结合气质联用技术,构建了果蔬中101种农药的残留检测方法,同时研究比较了不同基质固相萃取条件对样品的净化效果。

  • 本研究以云南红豆杉枝叶为对象,基于MSPD-HPLC快速分析云南红豆杉中的10-DAB Ⅲ和Taxol含量,通过考察和优化影响10-DAB Ⅲ及Taxol萃取检出量的各因素,并与超声提取法和热回流提取预处理法进行比较分析,拟探讨以下问题:(1)MSPD-HPLC分析红豆杉中的10-DAB Ⅲ及Taxol的分散剂选择与优化;(2)选定的分散剂分析10-DAB Ⅲ及Taxol时的萃取条件优化;(3)新构建分析方法的方法学验证及其适用性;(4)MSPD法与超声提取法、热回流提法等前处理方法进行比较分析确定方法的有效性。

  • 1 材料与方法

  • 1.1 仪器和试剂

  • AC Chrom S6000型高效液相色谱分析仪(北京华谱新创科技有限公司),12 mL固相萃取柱(湖北苏林科技有限公司),600Y型多功能粉碎机(广州旭朗机械设备有限公司),Bmnson 3800型超声波清洗器(巩义市英裕华科仪器厂)。

  • 10-DAB Ⅲ(99%)、Taxol(99%)购自西安天丰生物科技有限公司。硅胶、佛罗里硅土来自北京华谱新创科技有限公司,均为200~300目;C18、C18-ME、C18-G1、C18-HC、Diol、Xamide、Xion来自北京华谱新创科技有限公司,粒径均为10 μm;Alkaline alumina、 Acidic alumina、Neutral alumina来自上海陆都化学试剂厂,均为200~300目;色谱级甲醇、乙腈购自天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司;分析级甲醇、乙腈、乙醇、丙酮购自天津康科德科技有限公司。红豆杉枝叶采自云南保山地区的云南红豆杉(Taxus yunnanensis)驯化栽培种。

  • 1.2 方法

  • 1.2.1 样品制备

  • 将云南红豆杉枝叶用粉碎机粉碎,过40目筛。在50℃烘箱内干燥至恒重并保存在玻璃干燥器中,备用。

  • 1.2.2 标准品溶液制备

  • 称取对照品适量于甲醇中溶解,配制成浓度均0.1 mg·mL-1的10-DAB Ⅲ、Taxol混合标准品溶液,0.22 μm微孔滤膜过滤,用于HPLC分析。

  • 1.2.3 MSPD-HPLC法

  • 称取0.25 g云南红豆杉粉末与正相色谱填料(硅胶、佛罗里硅土、碱性氧化铝、酸性氧化铝、中性氧化铝)、反相色谱填料(C18-HC、C18-G1、C18、C18-ME)、HILIC填料(Xion、Xamide、Diol)按一定比例混合,并充分研磨。将研磨后的混合样品转移至萃取柱中,萃取柱上、下两端放置筛板,充分压实;加入甲醇,常压洗脱,将洗脱后得到的溶液收集至25 mL容量瓶,甲醇定容,0.22 μm滤膜过滤,用于定量分析,所有实验重复3次。

  • 1.2.4 不同预处理方法比较

  • (1)超声提取法:称取云南红豆杉样品0.25 g,于20 mL甲醇中超声提取1 h,甲醇定容至25 mL,混匀后,经滤膜过滤,进行定量分析。(2)热回流提取法:称取云南红豆杉样品0.25 g,置于100 mL锥形瓶中,加入25 mL甲醇热回流提取1 h,提取3次。过滤、浓缩后转移至25 mL容量瓶内,经滤膜过滤,用于定量分析。(3)MSPD-HPLC法:方法同“1.2.3”项。确定最佳萃取条件后,比较基于MSPD法萃取的云南红豆杉中10-DAB Ⅲ及Taxol萃取检出量及净化效果。

  • 1.2.5 色谱条件

  • C18色谱柱(4.6 mm × 250 mm,5 μm)。流动相:乙腈(A)-水(B)。梯度洗脱:0~20 min,15%~50% A;21~60 min,51%~100%。体积流量为0.8 mL·min-1;检测波长为227 nm;柱温为30℃;进样量为10 μL。

  • 2 结果与分析

  • 2.1 萃取条件优化

  • 2.1.1 分散剂的选择

  • 基质固相分散剂是MSPD吸附法进行样品预处理过程中影响目标化合物分析准确性的主要因素,分析了正相色谱填料(硅胶、佛罗里硅土、碱性氧化铝、酸性氧化铝、中性氧化铝)、反相色谱填料(C18-HC、C18-G1、C18、C18-ME)、HILIC填料(Xion、Xamide、Diol)12种分散剂对云南红豆杉紫杉烷类化合物分析的影响。由图1可知,12种分散剂对目标分析物具有相似的萃取检出量,HILIC填料(Xion、Xamide、Diol)对紫杉烷类化合物的萃取检出量略低于正相色谱填料和反相色谱填料,HILIC填料与极性化合物是通过氢键作用或者偶极-偶极作用相互吸附(李欣等,2020),对极性相对较弱的10-DAB Ⅲ和Taxol吸附较差有关。12种分散剂对目标化的吸附性能差异不大,但是正相色谱填料对于目标化合物的吸附性较高,其中碱性氧化铝的萃取检出量高于其他分散剂,可能是因为碱性氧化铝可反应性地吸附其中的极性化合物,而弱极性化合物紫杉烷类化合物并未有损失(陈驰,2020),适合于极性相对较弱的紫杉烷类化合物的净化、富集。因此,本研究选择碱性氧化铝为分散剂。

  • 图1 分散剂对目标分析物萃取检出量影响(A)和不同分散剂条件下云南红豆杉萃取物色谱图(B)

  • Fig.1 Effects of different adsorbents on extraction yield of target analyte (A) and chromatograms of Taxus yunanensis extract with different adsorbents (B)

  • 图2 样品与分散剂质量比对目标分析物萃取检出量的影响

  • Fig.2 Effects of the sample-to-adsorbent mass ratio on extraction yield of target analyte

  • 2.1.2 样品与碱性氧化铝分散剂质量比的影响

  • 分析了样品与碱性氧化铝的不同质量比(2∶1、1∶1、1∶2、1∶3、1∶4、1∶5)对10-DAB Ⅲ和Taxol萃取检出量的影响。由图2可知,质量比从2∶1上升到1∶5时,10-DAB Ⅲ和Taxol萃取检出量明显提高,质量比为1∶3时萃取检出量存在一个最佳值,显然分散剂增大会使样品组分和分散剂之间的界面面积增加,提高目标分析物的分析收萃取检出量(郭芸等,2020)。但是,分散剂质量的进一步增加会使目标分析物不易从萃取柱中被完全洗脱,从而使萃取检出量降低。由于填充物较多会导致其分散不均匀,因此本研究选择云南红豆杉与碱性氧化铝的质量比为1∶3。

  • 2.1.3 洗脱剂种类的影响

  • 在碱性氧化铝作为分散剂的吸附与解析过程中,极性强的洗脱剂有利于将分析物从分散剂上洗脱下来。分别分析了甲醇、乙醇、乙腈、丙酮4种溶剂对10-DAB Ⅲ和Taxol的洗脱能力。由图3可知,4种洗脱剂对目标化合物均具有一定的洗脱作用,当甲醇作为洗脱剂时,2种目标分析物的萃取检出量明显高于其他3种洗脱剂,2种目标分析物的萃取检出量较高,这说明甲醇更适合从碱性氧化铝中解析10-DAB Ⅲ和Taxol。因此,本研究选择甲醇作为洗脱剂。

  • 2.1.4 洗脱剂浓度的影响

  • 洗脱剂浓度对目标化合物的萃取检出量有一定影响,分析了不同浓度的甲醇(20%、40%、60%、80%、100%)对2种目标化合物萃取检出量的影响,结果如图4所示。随着甲醇浓度的增大,2种目标化合物的萃取检出量也逐渐增大。当浓度达到40%时,随着甲醇浓度的增大,萃取检出量变化不大,但随着甲醇浓度的降低,洗脱时间也相应增加,可能是因为洗脱剂中水的存在会导致溶剂的黏度变大(陈驰,2020)。在洗脱效果相同情况下,以100%甲醇为洗脱剂可缩短洗脱时间,因此选择100%甲醇作为洗脱剂浓度。

  • 2.1.5 洗脱溶剂体积的影响

  • 洗脱溶剂体积是MSPD吸附分离中的关键参数,在提取完全的基础上,应尽量减少洗脱剂的用量。分析了甲醇的洗脱体积(2、4、6、8、10、12 mL)对萃取检出量的影响。由图5可知,当甲醇从2 mL增加至6 mL时,目标化合物萃取检出量逐渐增加。当洗脱体积为6 mL时,萃取检出量达到最大且随着洗脱体积的增大,萃取检出量没有明显提高。因此,本研究选择6 mL作为目标分析物的洗脱体积。

  • 2.2 方法学验证

  • 2.2.1 分析方法的线性关系、定量限、检出限

  • 量取“1.2.2”项下混合标准品溶液1.00、0.50、0.30、0.20、0.10 mL,分别置于10 mL容量瓶中,甲醇定容,获得5个梯度质量浓度的10-DAB Ⅲ和Taxol混合标准品溶液,分别过0.22 μm滤膜,在“1.2.5”项条件下进样。以目标分析物色谱峰面积为纵坐标(y),质量浓度为横坐标(x)作图,得到回归方程。信噪比(signal to noise ratio,S/N)为 3∶1和10∶1的质量浓度为目标化合物的检出限和定量限。结果见表1。由表1可知,该方法线性相关系数均大于0.999 9,表明该方法具有良好的线性关系。

  • 2.2.2 分析方法的精密度、稳定性

  • 取同一MSPD样品,在“1.2.5”项条件下,分别于0、2、4、6、8、10 h进样,测得目标化合物的日内精密度;分别于0、24、48 h进样,测定日间精密度。两种紫杉烷类化合物峰面积的日内精密度相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)分别为1.3%和1.5%,日间精密度RSD分别为1.1%和1.4%。这表明该方法的精密度、稳定性良好。

  • 2.2.3 分析方法的加样回收率试验

  • 在3个浓度水平(50%、100%、150%)下对样品中10-DAB Ⅲ、Taxol进行加样回收率测试,得到3个浓度水平的加标样品回收率在93.6%~109.0%之间,RSD在1.2%~3.2%之间,结果见表2。

  • 图3 不同洗脱剂条件下目标分析物萃取检出量(A)和云南红豆杉萃取物色谱图(B)

  • Fig.3 Extraction yield of target analytes (A) and chromatograms of Taxus yunnanensis (B) extract with different elution solvents

  • 图4 洗脱剂浓度对目标分析物萃取检出量影响(A)和不同洗脱剂浓度下云南红豆杉萃取物色谱图(B)

  • Fig.4 Effects of elution solvent concentration on extraction yield of target analyte (A) and chromatograms of Taxus yunnanensis extract with different elution solvent concentrations (B)

  • 2.3 不同前处理方法比较

  • 以云南红豆杉枝叶为实验样品,比较了优化后的MSPD与热回流提取法、超声提取法的分析结果见表3。由表3可知,3种前处理方法对10-DAB Ⅲ和Taxol的萃取检出量无显著差异,但是MSPD法在提取过程中仅需6 mL甲醇、20 min内即可完成。MSPD法与两种传统方法相比,MSPD法操作简单、消耗的溶剂少、耗时短,具有较好的应用前景。

  • 3 讨论与结论

  • 样品的前处理过程对天然产物含量分析有着至关重要的作用。相关文献报道红豆杉中紫杉烷类化合物前处理方法包括超声提取法(Wianowska et al.,2009)、常规溶剂提取(Li et al.,2009)等,但都具有有机试剂消耗大、样品量大、萃取效率低等缺点,不适用于红豆杉中紫杉烷的快速定量分析。MSPD作为用于复杂基质中微量成分分析的前处理方法,具有简单、快速、经济环保等优点(江璐依,2020),与传统方法相比,消耗时间短,萃取效率高。

  • 图5 洗脱剂体积对目标分析物萃取检出量影响(A)和不同体积条件下云南红豆杉萃取物色谱图(B)

  • Fig.5 Effects of elution solvent volume on extraction yield of target analyte (A) and chromatogram of Taxus yunnanensis extract with different elution solvent volumes (B)

  • 表1 2种紫杉烷类化合物回归方程、相关系数、检出限、定量限和线性范围

  • Table1 Regression equation, correlation coefficient, LOD, LOQ and linear range of two taxanes

  • 表2 2种紫杉烷类化合物的加标回收率和相对标准偏差(n=3)

  • Table2 Recoveries and relative standard deviations of two taxanes (n=3)

  • 基质固相分散剂是影响目标化合物准确性的重要因素,常见的分散剂包括正相色谱分散剂(硅胶、氧化铝、佛罗里硅土等)、反相色谱分散剂(以C18为基质)和新型分散剂,其作用原理不同,对样品的吸附性也不同(陈驰,2020)。从MSPD法分散填料筛选结果可以看出,正相色谱填料对目标化合物的检出量高于反相色谱填料,分析原因可能是正相色谱填料中的Si-OH等基团与化合物中的极性基团(-OH,-NH)形成氢键有关(王志兵,2015)。新型色谱填料HILIC对于紫杉烷类化合物的检出量低于正相色谱填料,分析原因可能为HILIC填料对强极性基团吸附能力较强,作用机理与偶极作用、氢键作用等多种作用力有关(徐露露等,2016),不适合极性较弱的紫杉烷类化合物的洗脱,其机理仍需进一步研究。目前,最常用的是反相色谱填料为十八烷基硅胶(Kristenson et al.,2006)可应用于农药残留测定、环境基质样品分析(Sánchez-Brunete et al.,2007),其吸附性能可通过其含水量或pH来调节(陈驰,2020)。在本研究填料筛选过程中发现,正相色谱填料中碱性氧化铝对10-DAB Ⅲ和Taxol的检出量高于其他正相分散剂,并且经过其富集、净化后的样品萃取液澄清、透明,可能是与碱性氧化铝能够反应性地吸附红豆杉中诸如酸性酚类化合物等杂质有关。目前,碱性氧化铝作为分散剂对红豆杉进行净化、萃取鲜有报道,本研究结果为其在紫杉烷类化合物的定量分析提供一定的参考。

  • 表3 不同方法测定云南红豆杉中紫杉烷类化合物萃取检出量结果比较

  • Table3 Comparison of different methods for determining the yield of taxanes in Taxus yunnanensis

  • 分散剂与样品质量比作为影响目标化合物萃取检出量的重要因素,其比例需根据萃取柱大小等情况进行调节,如Chu等(2017)建立了基于基质固相分散萃取技术与高效液相色谱测定五味子中的木脂素类化合物的分析方法,在五味子样品与分散剂质量比为1∶2、甲醇洗脱时,分析物检出量最高。本研究选择样品质量为0.25 g,碱性氧化铝的质量为0.75 g时,目标分析物可被分散剂充分吸附且易于洗脱,达到较好的萃取效果。

  • 在基质固相分散萃取中,洗脱剂的选择需要考虑目标分析物与分散剂吸附的性质等因素,可采用单一或者混合有机溶剂(陈驰,2015),也可采用水作为洗脱剂(Bogialli et al.,2006)。在本研究中,我们选用了甲醇、乙腈、丙酮、乙醇4种极性较强溶剂对目标化合物进行洗脱,研究结果表明甲醇更适合于紫杉烷类化合物的洗脱,说明甲醇更适合于从碱性氧化铝中解析紫杉烷类化合物。在萃取过程中,洗脱剂体积、浓度等因素对目标分析物检出量也会产生影响,文献报道洗脱剂体积在4~25 mL范围内时大部分目标分析物均能被洗脱出来。例如,Salemi等(2012)采用基质固相分散法结合气相色谱-电子捕获检测器对土壤中的16种有机氯农药及其衍生物进行定量分析。本研究结果显示,以10% C18的硅胶为分散剂,8 mL氯仿-正己烷为洗脱剂,目标分析物检出量较高。本研究以6 mL甲醇洗脱,在节省溶剂的基础上,目标化合物可得到较高的检出量。

  • 本文以碱性氧化铝为分散剂,6 mL甲醇为洗脱剂,样品与分散剂的质量比为1∶3为基质固相萃取条件,建立了MSPD-HPLC同时测定云南红豆杉中10-DAB Ⅲ和Taxol的分析方法,并且通过比较分析,证明碱性氧化铝作为正相填料,在基质固相萃取过程中对紫杉烷类化合物具有净化和富集作用,并采取方法学实验对其可行性进行验证表明该方法回收率高,重现性好,在一定范围内具有良好的线性关系,适用于云南红豆杉中紫杉烷类化合物的快速分析。

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    • WIANOWSKA D, HAINOS M Ł, DAWIDOWICZ AL, et al. , 2009. Extraction methods of 10-deacetylbaccatin Ⅲ, paclitaxel, and cephalomannine from Taxus baccata L. twigs: a comparison [J]. J Liq Chromatogr Relat Technol, 32(4): 589-601.

    • XU LL, CEHN LX, LUO Y, et al. , 2016. Application progress of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography in the separation and analysis of natural products [J]. Chin J Pharm Anal, 36(9): 1516-1525. [徐露露, 陈路晓, 骆宜, 等, 2016. 亲水作用色谱在天然产物分离分析中的应用进展 [J]. 药物分析杂志, 36(9): 1516-1525. ]

    • YANG PH, HORWITZ SB, 2017. Taxol: The first microtubule stabilizing agent [J]. Int J Mol Sci, 18(8): 1733.

    • ZHANG J, LIAO HB, JIN YC, et al. , 2011. UPLC simultaneous determination of three effective components in Taxus media [J]. Chin J Pharm Anal, 31(11): 2073-2077. [张静, 廖海兵, 金永春, 等, 2011. UPLC法同时测定曼地亚红豆杉中3个有效成分的含量 [J]. 药物分析杂志, 31(11): 2073-2077. ]

    • ZHAO CF, YU LJ, 2006. LC-ESI/MS determination of taxol and related taxanes in Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd. [J]. Chin J Pharm Anal, 26(1): 1-6. [赵春芳, 余龙江, 2006. 中国红豆杉中多种紫杉烷同时检测的液质联用方法的建立 [J]. 药物分析杂志, 26(1): 1-6. ]

    • ZU YG, FU YG, LI SM, et al. , 2006. Rapid separation of four main taxoids in Taxus species by a combined LLP-SPE-HPLC (PAD) procedure [J]. J Sep Sci, 29(9): 1237-1244.

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    • ZU YG, FU YG, LI SM, et al. , 2006. Rapid separation of four main taxoids in Taxus species by a combined LLP-SPE-HPLC (PAD) procedure [J]. J Sep Sci, 29(9): 1237-1244.