六堡茶群体种叶绿体基因组捕获历史与遗传多样性研究

姚淑婷<sup>1; 2</sup>; 张 强<sup>1</sup>; 苏 敏<sup>3</sup>; 吴雨婷<sup>3</sup>; 庞月兰<sup>3</sup>; 梁燕妮<sup>4</sup>; 蔡爱华<sup>1</sup>; 覃信梅<sup>1*</sup>

引用本文:	姚淑婷, 张强, 苏敏, 吴雨婷, 庞月兰, 梁燕妮, 蔡爱华, 覃信梅.六堡茶群体种叶绿体基因组捕获历史与遗传多样性研究[J].广西植物,2025,45(3):527-541.[点击复制]
	YAO Shuting, ZHANG Qiang, SU Min, WU Yuting, PANG Yuelan, LIANG Yanni, CAI Aihua, QIN Xinmei.Chloroplast genome capture history and genetic diversity of Camellia sinensis var. sinensis ‘Liupao'[J].Guihaia,2025,45(3):527-541.[点击复制]

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六堡茶群体种叶绿体基因组捕获历史与遗传多样性研究
姚淑婷^1,2, 张强¹, 苏敏³, 吴雨婷³, 庞月兰³, 梁燕妮⁴, 蔡爱华¹, 覃信梅^1*
1. 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所, 广西喀斯特植物保育与恢复生态学重点实验室,广西桂林 541006;2. 广西师范大学生命科学学院, 广西桂林 541004;3. 广西壮族自治区茶叶科学研究所, 广西桂林 541004;4. 梧州学院, 广西梧州 543002

摘要:

六堡茶群体种(Camellia sinensis var. sinensis ‘Liupao')是制作六堡茶的主要原材料植物。为探索六堡茶群体种的遗传背景,特别是其系统发育和演化历史,该文对27份六堡茶群体种和5份突肋茶开展了浅层基因组和转录组测序,并进行了六堡茶群体种的系统发育关系、分歧进化时间及遗传多样性分析。结果表明:(1)在叶绿体树上,六堡茶群体种样品被分为距离较远的两组。一组与茶亲缘关系最近,嵌入了主要由茶组成的分支内部,分别与不同栽培茶聚在一起; 另一组则形成单系分支,与突肋茶亲缘关系最近且嵌入其内部。然而,在核基因树上,六堡茶群体种样品与栽培茶及山茶属其他几个物种聚为一支,但与突肋茶关系较远。核质基因组系统发育矛盾表明,部分六堡茶群体种的祖先曾与突肋茶发生过杂交事件,捕获了突肋茶的叶绿体基因组。(2)分子钟分析进一步表明,该杂交事件发生在1.55百万年前的第四纪时期,远早于人类栽培和制作茶的历史。(3)基于叶绿体基因组和核基因的遗传多样性分析均发现,六堡茶群体种具有较高的单倍型多样性,有较大的演化潜力。该研究为六堡茶群体种种质资源保护、品种选育及开发利用提供了科学依据和指导。

关键词: 六堡茶群体种, 叶绿体基因组, 转录组, 叶绿体基因组捕获, 杂交, 遗传多样性

DOI：10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202308050

分类号:Q943

文章编号:1000-3142(2025)03-0527-15

基金项目:广西创新驱动发展专项(桂科AA20302018-1); 广西自然科学基金(2023GXNSFAA026221); 广西喀斯特植物保育与恢复生态学重点实验室项目(22-035-26)。

Chloroplast genome capture history and genetic diversity of Camellia sinensis var. sinensis ‘Liupao'

YAO Shuting^1,2, ZHANG Qiang¹, SU Min³, WU Yuting³, PANG Yuelan³, LIANG Yanni⁴, CAI Aihua¹, QIN Xinmei^1*

1. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, Guangxi, China;2. College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China;3. Tea Science and Research Institute, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China;4. Wuzhou University, Wuzhou 543002, Guangxi, China

Abstract:

Camellia sinensis var. sinensis ‘Liupao' is the main raw material for making Liupao tea. To explore the genetic background of C. sinensis var. sinensis ‘Liupao', especially its phylogenetic position and evolutionary history, 27 individuals of C. sinensis var. sinensis ‘Liupao' and five individuals of C. costata were sampled for genome skimming and transcriptomic sequencing. The phylogenetic relationship, the divergence evolution time, and the genetic diversity of C. sinensis var. sinensis ‘Liupao' were analyzed. The results were as follows:(1)On the chloroplast tree, samples of C. sinensis var. sinensis ‘Liupao' were divided into two distantly-related groups, one was nested within a clade mainly consisting of C. sinensis, being interspersed among other cultivated C. sinensis, while the other group formed as a well supported lineage that was most closely-related to and nested within C. costata; on the nuclear gene tree, however, all the 27 samples of C. sinensis var. sinensis ‘Liupao' formed a clade with other C. sinensis as well as some other Camellia species with generally unresolved relationships among them. Despite the lack of resolution in this clade, it was definitely far separated from C. costata; the cytonuclear phylogenetic conflict suggested once ancient introgression hybridization of C. costata with the ancestor of some C. sinensis var. sinensis ‘Liupao' individuals so that the latter captured the chloroplast genome of the former.(2)The time estimate further indicated that the introgression hybridization event occurred in the Quaternary period, ca. 1.55 million years ago, long before the history of tea cultivation and production by humans.(3)In addition, both the chloroplast genomes and nuclear genes revealed that the C. sinensis var. sinensis ‘Liupao' had high haplotype diversity, possessing high evolutionary potential. This study provides the references for the germplasm protection, variety breeding, development and utilization of C. sinensis var. sinensis ‘Liupao'.

Key words: Camellia sinensis var. sinensis ‘Liupao', chloroplast genomes, transcriptomes, chloroplast genome capture, hybridization, genetic diversity