| 引用本文: | 李金婕, 张彩彩, 邓 云, 张楚然, 苏维翰,
李生发, 李逢昌, 唐志忠, 林露湘.云南鸡足山火干扰40年形成的云南松林空间分布格局及关联性[J].广西植物,2025,45(8):1392-1404.[点击复制] |
| LI Jinjie, ZHANG Caicai, DENG Yun, ZHANG Churan, SU Weihan,
LI Shengfa, LI Fengchang, TANG Zhizhong, LIN Luxiang.Spatial distribution pattern and association of Pinus yunnanensis forest formed by 40 years of fire disturbance in Jizu Mountain, Yunnan[J].Guihaia,2025,45(8):1392-1404.[点击复制] |
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| 云南鸡足山火干扰40年形成的云南松林空间分布格局及关联性 |
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李金婕1, 张彩彩1*, 邓 云2*, 张楚然2,3, 苏维翰2,
李生发4, 李逢昌4, 唐志忠4, 林露湘2,5
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1. 大理大学 东喜玛拉雅研究院, 云南 大理671003;2. 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园, 热带森林生态学重点实验室,
云南 勐腊 666303;3. 云南大学 生态与环境学院, 西南跨境生态安全教育部重点实验室, 昆明 650091;4. 大理市余金庵
国有林场, 云南 大理 671009;5. 云南西双版纳森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 云南 勐腊 666303
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| 摘要: |
| 云南松(Pinus yunnanensis)作为中国西南地区的乡土树种及植树造林的先锋树种,其形成的大面积云南松天然林和人工林具有丰富的林产资源,在林业建设和可持续发展中起着关键作用。但是,随着全球变化的加剧,云南松林因其含油量高、燃点低等特征而更易发生火灾。为探究火干扰后处于演替初期云南松林的群落组成特征、优势种的空间分布格局及关联性,该研究按照全球森林观测网络的标准技术规范,在云南鸡足山建立了1块1 hm2的云南松林动态监测样地(40年前为亚热带半湿润常绿阔叶林),并且基于调查数据分析群落组成和径级结构特征,采用g(r)函数分析云南松不同发育阶段、群落内不同叶习性优势木本植物的空间分布格局及关联性,以此明晰演替初期云南松群落的内在发展机制。结果表明:(1)1 hm2样地内共记录到胸径≥1cm的独立生长的木本植物个体3 088株(隶属14科21属30种),其中常绿木本植物23种、落叶木本植物7种。(2)云南松和落叶型植物响叶杨(Populus adenopoda)的径级结构呈偏正态型,属于稳定型种群,常绿型木本植物水红木(Viburnum cylindricum)、华山松(Pinus armandii)和美丽马醉木(Pieris formosa)的径级结构呈倒“J”型,说明常绿型植物更新良好、小径级个体更多、未来更容易取代云南松林。(3)云南松3个发育阶段(幼树、中树和成树)的空间分布以聚集为主,成树随着尺度的增大有向随机或均匀分布转变的趋势。(4)云南松幼树与中树和成树呈正相关,而中树和成树则表现为不相关,说明云南松种群内部整体关系良好; 云南松与群落内优势的常绿和落叶植物呈负相关或不相关,说明存在对光照和水分等限制性资源的竞争。综上认为,该云南松群落整体结构稳定,当前云南松仍是群落演替早期的绝对优势物种,其不同发育阶段的空间分布以聚集为主,成树的分布在未来可能会从聚集转变向随机或均匀分布,反映了负密度制约效应的累积; 云南松不同发育间正向的空间关联也是群落演替初期的重要特征,但随着演替的发展,常绿型植物可能会替代云南松的优势地位,从而使得落往亚热带半湿润常绿阔叶林的方向发展。 |
| 关键词: 云南松, 空间分布, 径级结构, 空间关联, 演替 |
| DOI：10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202404019 |
| 分类号:Q948 |
| 文章编号:1000-3142(2025)08-1392-13 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金-云南省联合基金(U1902203); 国家自然科学基金(32160268); 中央财政林草生态保护恢复资金项目(WNLY-2022-06-018); 云南省基础研究专项重大项目(202101BC070002); 云南省重点研发计划项目(202303AC100009)。 |
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| Spatial distribution pattern and association of Pinus yunnanensis forest formed by 40 years of fire disturbance in Jizu Mountain, Yunnan |
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LI Jinjie1, ZHANG Caicai1*, DENG Yun2*, ZHANG Churan2,3, SU Weihan2,
LI Shengfa4, LI Fengchang4, TANG Zhizhong4, LIN Luxiang2,5
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1. Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, Yunnan, China;2. CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical
Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China;3. Key
Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China of Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environmental
Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China;4.4. Yu Jin'an State-Owned Forest Farm, Dali 671009, Yunnan,
China;5. National Forest Ecosystem Research Station at Xishuangbanna, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China
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| Abstract: |
| Pinus yunnanensis, native to southwest China, is widely used as a pioneer species for afforestation. Large areas of P. yunnanensis natural forests and plantations provide abundant forestry resources, playing a key role in forestry construction and sustainable development. However, the high oil content and low ignition point of P. yunnanensis make it susceptible to frequent wildfires, especially with the intensification of global change. To investigate the community composition, spatial distribution and associations of dominant species in early post-fire regeneration of P. yunnanensis forests, a 1 hm2 dynamic monitoring plot of P. yunnanensis forest was established in Jizu Mountain, Yunnan Province, following the standard protocol of the Forest Global Earth Observatory. This area was a subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest 40 years ago. Community composition and diameter structures based on census data were analyzed. The g(r)function was used to analyze the spatial patterns and associations between P. yunnanensis in different diameter classes and dominant woody plants with different leaf habits. The results were as follows:(1)There were 3 088 individuals(DBH≥1cm), belonging to 30 species from 14 families and 21 genera, including 23 evergreen and 7 deciduous species in 1 hm2 dynamic plot.(2)The diameter structure of P. yunnanensis and Populus adenopoda was skew-normal and belonged to stable populations. While the diameter structure of Viburnum cylindricum, Pinus armandii and Pieris formosa was inverted “J” type,indicating successful regeneration of with a higher number of small-diameter individuals. This suggested that they might eventually replace P. yunnanensis forests.(3)The spatial distribution of P. yunnanensis at three developmental stages(saplings, juveniles, adults)was mainly aggregated, and the distribution of adults may shift from aggregated to random or uniform distribution patterns as the scale increases.(4)The saplings of P. yunnanensis were mainly positively correlated with juvenile and adult trees, while juvenile and adult trees were uncorrelated, indicating that a healthy relationship within the P. yunnanensis population. Additionally, P. yunnanensis showed negative or no correlation with the dominant evergreen and deciduous plants, indicating that competition for limited resources such as light and water. In summary, the structure of the P. yunnanensis community is stable, and P. yunnanensis remaining the dominant species in the early stage of community succession. The spatial distribution of its different developmental stages is dominated by aggregation. However, the distribution of adults may shift to random or uniform distributions in the future, reflecting cumulative effects of negative density-dependence. Positive spatial associations between different diameter classes are also an important feature in the early stage of community succession. However, as succession progresses, evergreen plants may replace the dominant position of P. yunnanensis, leading the community towards a subtropical semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest. |
| Key words: Pinus yunnanensis, spatial distribution, diameter structure, spatial association, succession |
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