岑王老山国家级自然保护区大型真菌资源调查

张艳成<sup>1</sup>; 刘金容<sup>1; 2</sup>; 刘 演<sup>1</sup>; 牟光福<sup>1*</sup>

引用本文:	张艳成, 刘金容, 刘演, 牟光福.岑王老山国家级自然保护区大型真菌资源调查[J].广西植物,2025,45(11):2009-2020.[点击复制]
	ZHANG Yancheng, LIU Jinrong, LIU Yan, MOU Guangfu.Investigation of macrofungi resources in Cenwanglaoshan National Nature Reserve[J].Guihaia,2025,45(11):2009-2020.[点击复制]

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岑王老山国家级自然保护区大型真菌资源调查
张艳成¹, 刘金容^1,2, 刘演¹, 牟光福^1*
1. 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所, 广西喀斯特植物保育与恢复生态学重点实验室, 广西桂林 541006;2. 广西师范大学生命科学学院, 广西桂林 541006

摘要:

为摸清岑王老山国家级自然保护区(以下简称岑王老山保护区)大型真菌的资源现状,该研究采用随机踏查法对该区大型真菌资源进行调查采集,结合形态学和分子生物学方法进行物种鉴定。结果表明:(1)共鉴定出371种大型真菌,隶属于2门6纲19目71科163属。其中,包含食用菌32种、药用菌47种以及毒菌17种。(2)大型真菌物种组成分析显示,优势科(≥10种)为多孔菌科(Polyporaceae)、类脐菇科(Omphalotaceae)、炭角菌科(Xylariaceae)、小皮伞科(Marasmiaceae)、脆柄菇科(Psathyrellaceae)等8科; 优势属(≥5种)为炭角菌属(Xylaria)、小皮伞属(Marasmius)、裸脚伞属(Gymnopus)、微皮伞属(Marasmiellus)、红菇属(Russula)、线虫草属(Ophiocordyceps)、鹅膏属(Amanita)、小孔菌属(Microporus)、多孔菌属(Polyporus)、花耳属(Dacrymyces)、虫草菌属(Cordyceps)等18属。(3)研究区域大型真菌属级区系地理成分可分为10类,主要以世界广布成分为主(61.96%),其次为泛热带成分(23.31%)。该研究发现,岑王老山保护区大型真菌资源丰富,值得深入开发利用的种类较多,研究结果将为该区大型真菌的资源保护与持续利用提供科学依据,并为扩大药源及真菌生药资源的合理开发提供基础资料。

关键词: 物种多样性, 优势类群, 区系特征, 生药资源, 应用价值

DOI：10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202408035

分类号:Q949

文章编号:1000-3142(2025)11-2009-12

基金项目:国家自然科学基金(41661012); 广西植物研究所基本业务费(桂植业23009); 桂林兴安漓江源森林生态系统广西野外科学观测研究站科研能力建设项目(桂科22-035-130-02); 广西自然科学基金青年基金(2025GXNSFBA069485)。

Investigation of macrofungi resources in Cenwanglaoshan National Nature Reserve

ZHANG Yancheng¹, LIU Jinrong^1,2, LIU Yan¹, MOU Guangfu^1*

1. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, Guangxi, China;2. College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, Guangxi, China

Abstract:

Cenwanglaoshan National Nature Reserve(abbreviated as Cenwanglaoshan Reserve)has a large contiguous forest area, strong primitive forest, complete forest ecosystem, and rich biological resources. To find out the resource status of macrofungi in Cenwanglaoshan Reserve, the macrofungi resources of Cenwanglaoshan Reserve were investigated and collected by random tracking method, and species identification was carried out by combining morphological and molecular biology methods. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 371 macrofungi species were found in this area, belonging to 163 genera of 2 phyla, 6 classes, 19 orders, 71 families, containing 32 edible fungi, 47 medicinal fungi and 17 poisonous fungi.(2)The analysis of the species composition of macrofungi in this area showed that the dominant family(≥ 10 species)had 8 families including Polyporaceae, Omphalotaceae, Xylariaceae, Marasmiaceae, Psathyrellaceae, ect.; the dominant genus(≥5 species)had 18 genera including Xylaria, Marasmius, Gymnopus, Marasmiellus, Russula, Ophiocordyceps, Amanita, Microporus, Polyporus, Dacrymyces, Cordyceps, ect.(3)The floristic geographic elements of the macrofungi genus level in the study area could be divided into 10 categories, mainly cosmopolitan components(61.96%), followed by pantropical components(23.31%). This study finds that the macrofungi resources in Cenwanglaoshan Reserve are abundant, and there are many species that can be further developed and utilized. This study provides a scientific basis for the conservation and sustainable utilization of macrofungi resources in this area, and provides basic data for the expansion of medicinal sources and the rational development of macrofungi crude drug resources.

Key words: species diversity, dominant taxa, floristic characteristics, crude drug resources, value of application