| 引用本文: | 魏 薇, 李云猛, 刘德团, 孙卫邦.云南省国家重点保护野生植物组成、分布及昆明植物园保育现状（附录）[J].广西植物,2026,46(1):1-14.[点击复制] |
| WEI Wei, LI Yunmeng, LIU Detuan, SUN Weibang.Composition, distribution of national key protected wild plants in Yunnan Province and the cultivation status in Kunming Botanical Garden[J].Guihaia,2026,46(1):1-14.[点击复制] |
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| 云南省国家重点保护野生植物组成、分布及昆明植物园保育现状（附录） |
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魏 薇, 李云猛, 刘德团, 孙卫邦*
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中国科学院昆明植物研究所, 云南省极小种群野生植物综合保护重点实验室/昆明植物园, 昆明 650201
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| 摘要: |
| 为厘清云南省国家重点保护野生植物(NKPWP)的物种组成、分布特征及昆明植物园迁地保育现状,该文基于《国家重点保护野生植物名录》(2021版),对云南省分布的NKPWP的物种组成、县域分布及昆明植物园迁地栽培现状进行了研究。结果表明:(1)云南省NKPWP共89科178属543种(含种下等级),占全国NKPWP种数的44.2%,其中一级保护58种、二级保护485种。(2)类群组成涵盖苔藓植物3科3属5种,石松类和蕨类植物9科13属52种,裸子植物6科14属44种,被子植物68科145属439种,真菌3科3属3种,其中兰科种类最多。(3)云南省NKPWP有中国特有种193个(一级保护20种、二级保护173种),受威胁物种219种(极危72种、濒危132种和易危15种),极小种群野生植物89种。(4)地理分布集中于滇东南、滇南、滇西和滇西北等地,勐腊县物种丰富度最大,物种数达103种(占全省NKPWP总数的19.0%),而滇中、滇东和滇东北分布的物种数量较少。(5)昆明植物园已迁地栽培602种NKPWP(占全国NKPWP总数的49.0%),其中云南分布216种(占全省NKPWP的39.8%)。综上,该文指出了当前云南省NKPWP保护工作中的薄弱环节,提出了有针对性的建议和策略。另外,基于国务院批复的《国家植物园体系布局方案》中昆明国家植物园(候选)核心价值,建议优先对云贵高原和滇西北地区、尚未收集保存的270种NKPWP开展资源调查与种质资源保存。 |
| 关键词: 国家重点保护野生植物, 物种组成, 分布格局, 保护现状, 云南省, 云贵高原 |
| DOI：10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202507052 |
| 分类号:Q948 |
| 文章编号:1000-3142(2026)01-0001-14 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFF1307402); 云南省重点研发计划项目(202403AC100028); 云南省“兴滇英才支持计划”项目(XDYC-QNRC-2024-553)。 |
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| Composition, distribution of national key protected wild plants in Yunnan Province and the cultivation status in Kunming Botanical Garden |
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WEI Wei, LI Yunmeng, LIU Detuan, SUN Weibang*
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Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations / Kunming
Botanical Garden, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
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| Abstract: |
| To clarify the species composition, distribution characteristics, and ex situ conservation status of national key protected wild plants(NKPWP)in Yunnan Province, and to provide a scientific basis for future resource surveys and conservation efforts, we analyzed the species composition, county-level distribution and ex situ cultivation status of NKPWP species distributed in Yunnan Province based on the List of National Key Protected Wild Plants(2021 edition). The results were as follows:(1)Yunnan Province harbored 543 NKPWP species(including infraspecific taxa), belonging to 178 genera and 89 families(accounting for 44.2% of China's total NKPWP species). Specifically, 58 species were under Grade Ⅰ protected, and 485 species were under Grade Ⅱ protection.(2)Taxonomically, the NKPWP species in Yunnan Province included 5 species of bryophytes from 3 genera and 3 families, 52 species of lycophytes and ferns from 13 genera and 9 families, 44 species of gymnosperms from 14 genera and 6 families, 439 species of angiosperms from 145 genera and 68 families, and 3 species of fungi from 3 genera and 3 families. Orchidaceae was identified as the most species-rich family.(3)Of the total NKPWP species distributed in Yunnan, 193 were endemic to China(20 Grade I and 173 Grade Ⅱ protected), 219 were threatened(72 critically endangered, 132 endangered, and 15 vulnerable), and 89 were plant species with extremely small populations(PSESP).(4)Geographically, the NKPWP in Yunnan Province were concentrated in the southeastern, southern, western, and northwestern regions, with Mengla County exhibiting the highest species richness(103 species, accounting for 19.0% of the provincial total NKPWP species). In contrast, central, eastern, and northeastern Yunnan had relatively fewer NKPWP species.(5)The Kunming Botanical Garden(KBG)had cultivated 602 NKPWP species ex situ(accounting for 49.0% of China's total NKPWP species)currently, of which 216 species were distributed in Yunnan(accounting for 39.8% of the provincial total NKPWP species). In summary, this study identifies the shortcomings in the current conservation of NKPWP in Yunnan Province and formulates targeted recommendations and strategies. Additionally, according to the core values of the Kunming National Botanical Garden(candidate), as outlined in the “National Botanical Garden System Layout Plan” approved by the State Council. It is recommended to prioritize resource surveys and germplasm conservation efforts for the 270 NKPWP species not under ex situ conservation distributed in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and northwestern Yunnan Province. |
| Key words: national key protected wild plants(NKPWP), species composition, distribution pattern, conservation status, Yunnan Province, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau |
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