不同繁殖方式金花茶幼苗生长生理特性及叶片显微结构的比较

彭丽辉<sup>1</sup>; 杨 哲<sup>1; 2</sup>; 江海都<sup>1</sup>; 韦伶芝<sup>1; 2</sup>; 李 婷<sup>3</sup>; 韦 霄<sup>1</sup>; 柴胜丰<sup>1*</sup>

引用本文:	彭丽辉, 杨哲, 江海都, 韦伶芝, 李婷, 韦霄, 柴胜丰.不同繁殖方式金花茶幼苗生长生理特性及叶片显微结构的比较[J].广西植物,2026,46(1):39-51.[点击复制]
	PENG Lihui, YANG Zhe, JIANG Haidu, WEI Lingzhi, LI Ting, WEI Xiao, CHAI Shengfeng.Comparison on growth and physiological characteristics, and leaf microstructure of Camellia nitidissima seedlings under different propagation methods[J].Guihaia,2026,46(1):39-51.[点击复制]

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不同繁殖方式金花茶幼苗生长生理特性及叶片显微结构的比较
彭丽辉¹, 杨哲^1,2, 江海都¹, 韦伶芝^1,2, 李婷³, 韦霄¹, 柴胜丰^1*
1. 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所, 广西植物功能物质与资源持续利用重点实验室, 广西桂林541006;2. 桂林理工大学旅游与风景园林学院, 广西桂林 541006;3. 广西壮族自治区南宁树木园, 南宁 530031

摘要:

为探明不同繁殖方式培育的金花茶幼苗的生长能力,该研究以3种繁殖方式(组培培养、扦插繁殖、种子繁殖)的金花茶(Camellia nitidissima)2年生幼苗为材料,对其生长性状、光合能力、叶绿素含量、叶片结构等进行测定。结果表明:(1)组培苗光合能力最强,实生苗次之,扦插苗最低; 组培苗最大净光合速率和光强适应范围均显著高于其他2种苗木; 实生苗的表观量子效率值(0.083 9 ),对弱光的利用能力最强。(2)扦插苗和组培苗叶片的叶绿素含量(分别为30.83 mg·g^-1和28.26 mg·g^-1)显著高于实生苗(22.23 mg·g^-1)。(3)实生苗气孔密度(115.37 ind.·mm^-2)最低但气孔面积(150.1 μm)最大,更适合荫生环境。(4)组培苗根系组织最发达,比根长最大,根组织密度最低; 组培苗生长指标总体表现最优(总干重68.87 g、株高85.75 cm、地径14.27 mm均最大),实生苗次之,扦插苗最差。综上表明,金花茶幼苗生长能力与繁殖方式密切相关; 金花茶组培幼苗生长能力明显优于实生苗和扦插苗,因此可将组培繁殖的金花茶苗大力推广并应用到实际生产中。该研究为金花茶良种扩繁和保护提供了科学依据。

关键词: 金花茶, 繁殖方式, 光合特性, 叶绿素含量, 叶片显微结构, 生长特性

DOI：10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202506037

分类号:Q945

文章编号:1000-3142(2026)01-0039-13

基金项目:广西植物功能物质与资源持续利用重点实验室自主研究课题(ZRJJ2024-12); 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1300700); 广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB22080097); 国家自然科学基金(32460103, 32160091)。

Comparison on growth and physiological characteristics, and leaf microstructure of Camellia nitidissima seedlings under different propagation methods

PENG Lihui¹, YANG Zhe^1,2, JIANG Haidu¹, WEI Lingzhi^1,2, LI Ting³, WEI Xiao¹, CHAI Shengfeng^1*

1. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, Guangxi, China;2. College of Tourism and Landscape Architecture, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, Guangxi, China;3. Nanning Arboretum, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530031, China

Abstract:

This study aimed to explore the growth capacity of Camellia nitidissima seedlings propagated under different methods, Two-year-old C. nitidissima seedlings propagated via three methods(tissue culture, cutting propagation, and seed propagation)were used as materials, and their growth propagated, photosynthetic capacity, chlorophyll content, and leaf structure were determined. The results were as follows:(1)Tissue-cultured seedlings had the strongest photosynthetic capacity, followed by seed-propagated seedlings, while cutting-propagated seedlings had the lowest. Both the maximum net photosynthetic rate and light intensity adaptation range of tissue-cultured seedlings were significantly higher(P<0.05)than those of the other two types of seedlings. Seed-propagated seedlings exhibited the highest apparent quantum yield value(0.083 9)and the strongest ability to utilize weak light.(2)The chlorophyll content in leaves of cutting-propagated seedlings and tissue-cultured seedlings(30.83 mg·g^-1 and 28.26 mg·g^-1, respectively)was significantly higher than that of seed-propagated seedlings(22.23 mg·g^-1).(3)Seed-propagated seedlings had the lowest stomatal density(115.37 stomata·mm^-2)and the largest stomatal area(150.1 μm), making them more suitable for shady environments.(4)Tissue-cultured seedlings had the most developed root system, the largest specific root length, and the lowest root tissue density. In terms of growth indicators, tissue-cultured seedlings showed the best overall performance, with the highest total dry weight(68.87 g), plant height(85.75 cm), and ground diameter(14.27 mm); seed-propagated seedlings ranked second, while cutting-propagated seedlings performed the worst. In conclusion, the growth capacity of C. nitidissima seedlings is closely related to the propagation method; the growth capacity of tissue-cultured C. nitidissima seedlings is significantly superior to that of seed-propagated and cutting-propagated seedlings. Therefore, tissue-cultured C. nitidissima seedlings can be vigorously promoted and applied in practical production. This study provides a scientific basis for the propagation of superior varieties and protection of C. nitidissima.

Key words: Camellia nitidissima, propagation methods, photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll content, leaf microstructure, growth characteristics